The purpose of this study is to analyze the mental model of improvement and changes on light wave concepts with Conceptual Change based on Virtual Media (CC-VM) x POE strategy. The method used is mixed methods with embedded design. The sample consisted of 30 students (with an age range of 16-17 years) in one of the schools in Subang, Indonesia.…

Background: Virtual reality technologies (VRTs) present many characteristics that can facilitate learning, especially in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). The VRT head-mounted display (HMD) has recently shown significant technological improvement. This study aims to prove the suitability of the newer commercially available VRT HMDs…

Pedagogical agents are on-screen characters that help facilitate learning in a virtual or mixed-reality setting. The research on pedagogical agents has shifted focus since their creation, from understanding their underlying principles, identifying their potential roles and usage, and recently finetuning their design for applied practice. This…

An important component of many Adaptive Instructional Systems (AIS) is a 'Learner Model' intended to track student learning and predict future performance. Predictions from learner models are frequently used in combination with mastery criterion decision rules to make pedagogical decisions. Important aspects of learner models, such as learning…

Purpose: Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are becoming increasingly interwoven into people's daily lives, with applications in fields such as science, engineering, medical, the arts, education, finance and business. While much study has been conducted in the field of VR and AR in a variety of areas, less attention has been paid to…

To detect differential item functioning (DIF), Rasch trees search for optimal split-points in covariates and identify subgroups of respondents in a data-driven way. To determine whether and in which covariate a split should be performed, Rasch trees use statistical significance tests. Consequently, Rasch trees are more likely to label small DIF…

Purpose: The study's main goal is to investigate different leadership styles that characterize middle-level leaders, the intermediate leadership tier of role holders in school, as they practice leadership scenarios through active participation in a professional learning process of role-play simulation, using a social-ecological approach.…

Current circumstances require the development of new methodological approaches and the use of digital technologies in education in order to maintain a sufficient level of academic performance of students. The research aims to explore the academic performance of high school students learning history with digital technologies such as Apps Quizlet…

Elementary, middle, and high school students need opportunities to engage with educational technology. This is particularly essential for those students who may not have access to new technologies at home and/or school. The socioeconomic status continues to increase the digital divide and equity in education in terms of access to technology; and…

Metaverse is understood with technological terms such as augmented reality, lifelogging, mirrored worlds, and virtual worlds, and using a metaverse platform is considered an emerging form of learning. Yet, its pedagogical features, such as self-learning, collaborative learning, and learning-by-doing, are identical to those of online learning. In…

This research aims to reveal the effects of using augmented reality applications on seventh-grade secondary school students' academic achievement and motivation and to identify students' views on augmented reality applications. For this purpose, the augmented reality application called "CellAR" has been developed for the "Cell and…

We present here two accessible ways for enhanced understanding of complex biological structures and their function in undergraduate Biology and Biochemistry classrooms. These methods can be applied for in-class instruction as well as for remote lessons, as they are cheap, easily available and easy to implement. LEGO® bricks and MERGE CUBE based…

This research aims to improve the oral retelling skills of primary school third grade students by using augmented reality-based reading environments. The research was carried out on 88 primary school third grade students studying in the city center of Siirt. Purposful sampling method was used in the selection of students. Formative experiment…

This study contributes to the extant literature on instructional technology by investigating the relationships between the social and personal factors and behavioral intention to use virtual reality. Moreover, the current study examined the links between perceived characteristics of virtual reality and attitude and the moderating role that can be…

The Chinese writing system is different from English in that individual words both comprise one to four characters and are not separated by clear word boundaries (e.g., interword spaces). These differences raise the question of how readers of Chinese know where to move their eyes to support efficient lexical processing? The widely accepted…