Online learning has grown due to the advancement of technology and flexibility. Online examinations measure students' knowledge and skills. Traditional question papers include inconsistent difficulty levels, arbitrary question allocations, and poor grading. The suggested model calibrates question paper difficulty based on student performance to…

A growing body of research has demonstrated that teachers' judgements may be biased by the demographics and characteristics of the students they teach. However, less work has investigated the contexts in which teachers may be most vulnerable to bias. In two pre-registered experimental studies we explored whether the quality of students' work, and…

In this systematic review, we synthesize ten empirical peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2023 that used generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for automated feedback in higher education. There are significant opportunities and challenges to integrate these tools effectively into learning environments as the demand for timely…

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to address the need for a robust system to accurately determine a cutoff score by using the Angoff method and leveraging the Rasch infit and outfit statistics of item response theory by detecting and removing misfitting items in a test. Design/methodology/approach: Researchers in educational evaluation…

In the secondary school setting, student engagement with mathematics has been declining for various reasons and for a significant amount of time. Gamification and standards-based grading are strategies that have the potential to improve student engagement with mathematics. The problem was poor student engagement with classroom activities in…

The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological qualitative study was to obtain an understanding of the lived experiences of instructors in higher education who had implemented ungrading. Ungrading is defined as shifting focus from points/letter grades to detailed feedback on student progress, creating space for failure, revision, and…

Intelligent systems of essay grading constitute important tools for educational technologies. They can significantly replace the manual scoring efforts and provide instructional feedback as well. These systems typically include two main parts: a feature extractor and an automatic grading model. The latter is generally based on computational and…

In this article, the author describes his use of a genre-based writing workshop following the general flow of Nancy Atwell's work (Atwell, 2015). For each unit, the class immerses themselves in samples, focusing first on what Atwell calls the "so what," or the purpose for writing--the idea, emotion, or experience the author wants to…

After encountering students who lost motivation throughout the semester, and finding most students' questions focused on how to improve their grade rather than on understanding the material, we developed a gamified grading structure hoping to remove students' barriers to motivation in the classroom. A brief review of the literature on known…

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) into educational settings offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance the efficiency of teaching and the effectiveness of learning, particularly within online platforms. This study evaluates the development and application of a customized GAI-powered teaching assistant, trained…

Motivated by the benefits of repeated deliberate practice, we created an interactive exercise system for use in an undergraduate engineering mechanics class that focuses on practicing learned fundamental concepts. These exercises take the form of traditional word problems commonly found in mechanics courses, involving things like selecting and…

In recent years, the application of explainability techniques to automated essay scoring and automated short-answer grading (ASAG) models, particularly those based on transformer architectures, has gained significant attention. However, the reliability and consistency of these techniques remain underexplored. This study systematically investigates…

Overview: This systematic review explores the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) for assessment, grading, and feedback in higher education. The review aims to establish how AI technologies enhance efficiency, scalability, and personalized learning experiences in educational settings, while addressing associated challenges that arise due…

Grading policies have long been debated in American schools, but only recently have "equitable" reforms taken center stage. Policies like "no zeros," eliminating late penalties, and allowing unlimited retakes aim to make grading fairer for disadvantaged students. But critics argue that these changes inflate grades, erode…

Research offers mixed conclusions about whether grades have positive or negative influence on students' achievements and motivation. To investigate students' perceptions regarding how grades activate or deactivate them in their studies, we conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 35 Norwegian and Swedish upper-secondary school…