Considers educational planning as a communication of shared symbols creating intent geared toward change. Elaborates 11 groups of metaphorical images of planning (as circle, recipe, compass, map, puzzle, tree, maze, Ariadne's thread, prediction, art, and spider's web) bridging impression and expression. Relates this metaphorical analysis to…

This paper presents a theoretical model illustrating L. Siegel's revisionist conceptualization of learning disabilities and then presents an alternative underachievement model. The paper argues that the alternative model applies standard regression procedures which would lead to a more appropriate definition of learning disabilities and applies…

Concludes that the three main articles in this issue represent a significant milestone in defining rural education. Points out that measuring the effectiveness of rural schools will be more difficult and that federal policy should provide resources for the development of alternative rural school models. A defensible classification system needs to…

Management and instructional leadership need not be construed as competing interests for the principal. A unifying view of the principal's "educational leader" role (combining salient features of both managerial and instructional leadership responsibilities) provides a much healthier model and draws a rational relationship between…

In response to Gresham and Elliott (1989), who concluded that a social skills deficit should not constitute a learning disability, this paper claims that current definitions allow for including social skills deficits. They propose limiting the definition of learning disabilities to intentional learning contexts, thus excluding social skills…

This article offers characteristics and definitions of gifted, learning disabled, and gifted learning disabled. Principles of identification and programing are summarized. The five dimensions of the Autonomous Learner Model (including orientation, individual development, enrichment, seminar, and in-depth study) are applied to program development…

This response to HE 531 678 argues that, although there is evidence that accelerated programs designed for gifted children can be effective, most emphasize enrichment, not true acceleration. Enrichment is seen as appropriate for all students, not just the highest-achieving 3%. (MSE)

Explores issues related to quality in document design. Gives an overview of the quality movement, discusses alternative definitions of quality, analyzes dominant approaches to measuring quality, presents results of a survey showing that consumers value quality in document design, offers examples showing that it is cost effective, and appends an…

Various disparate activities have been defined as outreach, which is an element of social service/disease prevention programs. The history of outreach as a project element within federal social programs, central sources of variations in this element, measures of effectiveness and cost effectiveness, and recurring implementation issues are…

Institutionally empowered principals provide teachers with decision-making possibilities and use this empowerment to benefit the exchange between teacher and principal. Cultural empowerment requires even more effort. Teachers and principals must work together on the school's institutional and cultural climate by using dialogue and critique.…

Problems in the definition of competency-based education are discussed. Theory and examples are cited in three areas: limited range of competencies, emphasis on knowledge rather than use, and lack of requirements for a phrasebook approach. (Contains four references.) (LB)

A literature review uncovered unclear and inconsistent concepts of cooperative education; lack of integration of theory, research, and practice; and lack of rigorous research standards. It is crucial that cooperative education be defined, its target audience identified, and principles or tenets of practice described. (SK)

Examines the concept, implications, and dilemmas of school restructuring, whose meanings are confusing and complex. Restructuring can be synonymous with top-down reform or ruthless retrenchment or can signify redefined power relationships in classrooms, staff rooms, and schooling communities. This paper identifies four restructuring dilemmas…

Discusses ways that language and technology education (TE) overlap: names and identity of TE, teacher use and tolerance of language, using language to improve the clarity of instruction, and using language as material to teach about technology. (SK)

Ponders the definition of an American, and offers some responses to that question from high school students around the United States. (SR)