Findings of this study suggest that it is preferable to attempt to control guessing through the use of the reward instruction rather than to attempt to control it using the penalty instruction or to encourage it using the insttruction to guess. (Authors/MB)

Assistance in this study was provided by the Testing and Certification Division of the English Language Institute. (VM)

Questions arising in research and evaluation are more complicated in the area of early childhood education because of the vagaries of measurement with very young children and the occurrence of rapid changes during the early years. (Authors/MB)

Scales are developed to replace the difficult to administer and score Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) affiliation scales. Functional relationships between such variables as affiliative behavior, conformity behavior, and dependency and affiliative tendency and sensitivity to rejection are educed. (DG)

Two studies analyze and evaluate the use of the chunk," a small group of meaningfully related words within a sentence, as a test item in reading and listening tests. (PR)

The validity of various reliability-corrected procedures for adjusting for initial differences between groups in uncontrolled studies is established for subjects exhibiting linear fan-spread growth. The results are then extended to a nonlinear model of growth. (Author)