The rank transformation approach to analysis of variance (ANOVA) as a solution to the Behrens-Fisher problem was examined. Using simulation methodology, four parameters were manipulated for the two-group design: (1) ratio of population variances; (2) distribution form; (3) sample size; and (4) population mean difference. As a general solution to…

The purpose of the study was to determine whether students had knowledge of the extension rule (the conjunction of two or more events cannot be greater than the probability of any one of those events) and understanding of conjunction by giving a test of multiplicative probabilities. Involved were 598 students enrolled in introductory psychology…

Computer usage by preschool children differing in cognitive tempo was explored. Cognitive tempo refers to a child's tendency to respond slowly or rapidly in a problem-solving situation which has high uncertainty. The Kansas Reflection-Impulsivity Scale for Preschoolers (KRISP) was administered to 13 children enrolled in a prekindergarten class at…

Describes two experiments which investigated the use of distinctive feature codes in the storage of phonetic encoding information by 6- and 7-year-olds during short term memory tasks. A total of 106 children were presented with 30 lists of consonant-vowel syllables for recall. Data indicate that children encode the consonantal phones into sets of…

Writing samples of 50 learning disabled college students were analyzed for fluency and errors of 14 types: omission of words and/or letters, noun plurals, syntax, subject-verb agreement, verb forms and tense, pronoun reference, shifts in person, fused or spliced sentences, fragments, punctuation, capitalization, usage, spelling, and apostrophe…

An index measuring the degree to which a binary response pattern conforms to some baseline pattern was defined and named the Pattern Conformity Index (PCI). One way of conceptualizing what the PCI measures is the extent to which each individual's particular response pattern contributes to, or detracts from, the overall consistency found in the…

A study examined the error rate of the "University of California Union Catalog Supplement," a 47 volume, computer produced book catalog of the materials cataloged by the nine University of California campuses during the years 1963-67. The study attempted not only to determine the rate and nature of errors, but also to develop a…

One of six summaries of workshop sessions (See TM 000 130), designed to strengthen the evaluation of costly programs and their effects, this handbook presents an analysis of both random and nonrandom sampling errors by application of the Bayesian model. This model attempts to formalize the process and procedures of inference from data through…

Discusses, in the context of library evaluation, the major sources of untrustworthy information and describes what can be done to control them. The emphasis is on assessing the impact of changed operations. (JD)

Nonsense utterances were presented to subjects for immediate recall in order to test two hypotheses: (1) the more complex sounds should be more difficult to recall under memory-taxing conditions; (2) the erroneous recall of a less marked for a more marked sound should occur more frequently than the converse error. (CFM)

The author points out two errors in mathematics: the mistreatment of identities and the belief in randomness. He calls for the development of a core of people dedicated to the detection and correction of such errors found in mathematics and logic. (MN)

Response changes on multiple-choice items tend to improve test scores of elementary school children. (Author/MJB)

A typical school spelling task is analyzed in terms of an information processing model of spelling performance. (Author)

Describes two studies that investigated the editing strategies used by college basic writing students as they corrected sentence-level errors in controlled editing tasks. Indicates that, in both studies, students showed two clearly different editing strategies: a consulting strategy and an intuiting strategy. (JD)

Comparison of 30 learning disabled (LD) children, ages 7 to 13, and controls on a computerized test of attentional skills indicated LD subjects committed more omission errors and responded at a slower rate but did not differ from the controls on commission errors, suggesting inefficient allocation of processing resources rather than attentional…