This simulation study examines the characteristics of the Explanatory Item Response Model (EIRM) when estimating treatment effects when compared to classical test theory (CTT) sum and mean scores and item response theory (IRT)-based theta scores. Results show that the EIRM and IRT theta scores provide generally equivalent bias and false positive…

The authors examined the influence of context meaning consistency on incidental vocabulary acquisition during reading. "Context meaning consistency" refers to informational context that reflected the same meaning (i.e., consistent) or different meanings (i.e., inconsistent) across two self-paced reading sessions for a given item (both…

The Problem: Trigger warnings (TWs) are alerts before media informing consumers with posttraumatic vulnerabilities that upcoming themes may contain trauma reminders. Advocacy for classroom TWs has stirred controversy. We examined whether students with self-reported trauma histories would avoid reading TW-labeled articles, if TW utilization…

In an age of increasing digital reading it is interesting that University students' are not adapting innovative technologies for academic study. This is even more surprising because today's university students are purportedly digitally native keen to use new technologies in comfortable personal spaces but adhere to traditional paper when studying.…

Purpose: This exploratory study aimed to investigate the potential impact of sentence-level comprehension and sentence-level fluency on passage comprehension of deaf students in elementary school. Method: A total of 159 deaf students, 65 students (M[subscript age] = 13.46 years) in Grades 3 and 4 and 94 students (M[subscript age] = 14.95 years) in…

Text comprehension comprises processes that work interactively to create a situation model of a text. Three hundred and one students from 12 Estonian schools were assessed to examine the relations between vocabulary and different text comprehension levels and to detect students' individual profiles in these skills. Both variable- and…

This experimental study examined the effects of conceptual change-oriented refutation text (RT) on declarative knowledge and conceptual knowledge. Information Science undergraduates (N = 66) enrolled in two sections of a course with different instructors but the same syllabus were randomly assigned to one of four RT treatments that included read…

Background: Reading comprehension is a multifactorial process, but one of its features has been relatively under-investigated--it is the strategy used when answering reading comprehension questions. In order to find the correct answer, children can either respond to questions about a text relying on their text memory or look back at the written…

The authors explore foundational ideas of disciplinary literacy and articulate a research-based heuristic for teaching disciplinary literacy in English language arts: generating, weaving, and curating. The authors apply the heuristic to the classroom, arguing that high school teachers should explicitly enhance students' opportunities for…

Nowadays the consideration of culture in second/foreign language (L2) teaching is considered quite necessary. The ability of the readers in comprehending texts may be influenced by their familiarity or lack of familiarity with the culture the text is based on. So, the present study tried to find the difference between Iranian university students'…

This study examines the effects of timing of corrective formative feedback on processing text information on question-answering. Undergraduate students read an expository text and answered questions in two attempts. Students were randomly assigned to a no feedback, immediate feedback and delayed feedback conditions. Students in the feedback…

The debate over the science of reading has focused primarily on decoding (i.e., connecting letters and sounds to read words) and whether to use phonics to teach it. However, research on reading has included much more than decoding. Language comprehension, which allows readers to derive meaning from text, is an equally critical component of…

Common tests of morphological awareness measure both morphology and syntax by requiring participants to fit words and pseudowords into sentences by adding or removing affixes. We report the results of a study testing a new word level task. College students viewed transparent words (without phonological or orthographic shifts) and used a keyboard…

Reading texts may serve as a vital source of informational content and language knowledge for second language (L2) learners, which is known as the dual relevance of L2 reading (Han & D'Angelo, 2009). Text complexity, however, influences the two, determining to a great extent whether the dual outcome is attainable. Drawing on Complex Dynamic…

Background: Reading comprehension can be considered the main learning activity. All learning experiences are infused with emotions; however, to date, few studies have focused on the role of emotional aspects in reading comprehension performance. The impact of emotions on academic achievement is thought to be mediated or moderated by cognitive…