Male and female students are culturally shaped in their reading and writing strategies. Men and women college students are more likely to be successful learners if they can examine the ways in which reading and writing are culturally defined for them and integrate that information into classroom activities. (MSE)

Analysis of survey responses from 42 families of infants/toddlers with special needs found that both mothers and fathers desired involvement in the child's early intervention program and that their major perceived need was for information. However, differences were found between fathers' and mothers' preferred formats for receiving information.…

Presents a view of the relative roles of logical presupposition and shared knowledge in "it"-cleft constructions. Indicators of shared knowledge relate to a speaker's "assumptions" about the state of the hearer's knowledge, whereas presuppositions indicate a speaker's "requirements" for what should be included within…

Examined gender stereotypes of typical and optimal mentally healthy aging. Respondents--young adults (n=232) and their older adult relatives/acquaintances (n=233)--reported more gender stereotypes than age stereotypes. Perceptions of typical aging varied with certain factors. Findings suggest a double standard of aging for typical but not for…

Examines role transitions and role strain resulting from restructuring initiatives in four districts. The 20 principals interviewed had acquired coping skills. Cognitive restructuring and environmental factors moderated role strain effects, along with experience, tenure of position, staff trust, personal leadership style, and degree of autonomy…

A sample of seventh, ninth, and eleventh graders generated self-descriptors for the role of the self in the classroom, with friends, with parents, and in romantic relationships. Findings revealed that the self becomes increasingly differentiated into role-related multiple selves with age. (GLR)

This report examines why parents of visually impaired children in India sometimes fail to assume appropriate roles in the rehabilitation process. It describes the media available to educate parents and discusses two direct training programs in rural villages, which teach rehabilitation techniques to parents and children. (Author/DB)

Investigated sex-typed and androgynous subjects' (n=21) preferences for male and female counselors of low, medium, and high levels of effectiveness. Both groups of subjects used information related to effectiveness and ignored gender information, contrary to the predictions of gender schema theory that sex-typed subjects would use gender when…

Examined relationship between gender and sex role orientation of clients as predictors of counselors' interpersonal impressions of them and treatment expectancies. Findings from 16 counseling psychology doctoral student counselors concerning 47 clients suggest that highly masculine and highly feminine clients (regardless of gender) are perceived…

Suggests that effective school counseling program would be time efficient and time limited; address issue that most students are not self-referred; address issue of reluctant student; demonstrate positive orientation toward people and change; teach students to use counseling process, change their behaviors, and cope; and use strength of clients…

State endorsements of site-based management frequently overlook the development of skills necessary for collegial teamwork and strategies for demonstrating administrators' sincere commitment to the process. This article describes symbolic actions that some administrators have taken to develop new skills and build the necessary trust for assuming…

Teachers are isolated from their peers by classroom walls and invisible school barriers. Many evaluation systems are outmoded, and few opportunities exist for teachers and principals to stretch their traditional roles. Professional Partnerships, an alternative evaluation process, addresses these common concerns. Teachers establish voluntary…

In this study, researchers surveyed 94 recent retirees. Results supported previous studies which categorized retirement into four modes of experience: (1) Transition to Old Age; (2) New Beginning; (3) Continuation; and (4) Imposed Disruption. Striking gender differences emerged among those surveyed, particularly the finding that, compared to men,…

The research administrator of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Pennsylvania) discusses issues in the transformation of the company from a technology-driven to a business-driven organization, a process in which the technical and business segments of the organization work as teams toward successful innovation. (MSE)

College administrators must find a balance between their administrative roles and the responsibility of assuring academic freedom to faculty. When they do this well, most administrative problems are resolved without excessive difficulty. Appropriate managerial strategies can help mediate professional/administrative conflict. (MSE)