One hundred sixty eight students (grade 1-college) evaluated the achievement behavior of hypothetical students differing in ability, effort expenditure, and test outcome, both from the perspective of student and teacher. Teacher perspectives indicated that effort and outcome were perceived as highly relevant. Student perspectives indicated high…

This study determines cultural meanings of parent v nonparent roles using the following variables: one's generational group, place of residence, and family size. Generational differences appear to be the overwhelming influence on parental roles. The decision not to be a parent is an emerging role in contemporary culture. (CT)

A principle component analysis with oblique rotation of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children revealed five cognitive/worry-oriented factors and two emotional/somatic-oriented factors, using data from 849 fifth graders. Achievement motives, future time orientation, and ability were the most important factors, whereas instrumentality revealed itself…

Presents a report from an oceanographer in New Zealand who analyzes the predominant moves of the citizens of New Zealand when it comes to rearing children and apportioning sex roles. She relates her own background and proposes measures for social reform. (Author/SA)

Many women who seek to combine a demanding career and a family encounter a variety of problems and conflicts. The special problems of these women as well as research findings on effective coping strategies are reviewed. Implications of these findings for developing appropriate counseling interventions are discussed. (Author)

A study to determine if clinically educated pharmacy students at the University of Cincinnati possessed perceptions of the professional status of their career choice indicative of disillusionment is reviewed. The study suggests perceptions change over the three-year curriculum and changes may be related to content and nature of courses.…

"Strictness" and "warmth" were concepts used to scale descriptions of their mothers as given by first-born 4 1/2 year-olds. Independent data had been obtained on mothers during and after pregnancy. "Strict" and "warm" mothers differed in terms of mental health, post partum period, childhood, adolescence, parent-child interaction, and relations…

Three potentially influential factors were examined in this study: who is being ranked (self or other), where the child fits in the class hierarchy (high or low), and what terms are used for ranking ("gets own way" or "is toughest"). Fifty-two fourth-grade students ranked themselves and their classmates. (Author/SJL)

Identifies personal-social factors women perceive as being those that prevent them from entering occupations usually held by men. Factors included conceptions of male-dominated work environments, self-concept, stereotyped views held by family, attitudes of friends, security in traditional jobs, fear of failure, and money training. (CT)

As they forge creative relationships with other disciplines, education professionals are rewriting the classic definition of "teacher" to encompass new fields of human services. Teachers are challenged to see themselves not exclusively as academic instructors but in the broadest sense as behavior change agents. (CJ)

Studied the relationship between performance indices and facets of job satisfaction, role ambiguity, and role conflict among 102 full-time faculty members across three career stages. Results indicated that an individual's career stage within a profession had an important moderating effect on facets of job satisfaction and role perception…

Contrary to the contentions of many writers who report that academic chairmen experience considerable role conflict, a study at SUNY Buffalo shows that there is considerable agreement among faculty, administrators, and chairmen about which of the 46 tasks surveyed the chairmen must or should carry out. The 46 questionnaire tasks are listed. (JMD)

For reading specialists to play a decisive role in improving reading comprehension of young people, they must get into the classrooms. To gain this entry, they should behave in a way that acknowledges the classroom teacher's attitudes and perceptions about reading and that eliminates those practices that seem to offend teachers. (Author/SJL)

College students (N=1250) starting introductory courses in thirteen academic disciplines were asked to predict their grade in the course. Results showed that overall, males predicted higher grades for themselves than did females. This held true for entering freshmen as well as for those with previous college experience. (Author)

Differences in children's acceptance of occupational roles traditionally sex-typed by society were explored for a sample of 270 elementary school children. The degree of sex typing was high among all subjects. Children at each age level viewed occupational roles for both men and women similarly to the traditional sex-typed role views. (Author)