Before- and after-school care arrangements for third- and fifth-grade students were investigated, with specific attention given to the extent of self-care arrangements, satisfaction levels of parents and children using self-care, and variables contributing to satisfaction. The sample included 675 students attending Newington Elementary School in…

Periodically, fears are voiced that the intelligence level of the United States population is falling. Historically, this fear has been linked to the belief that fertility is inversely related to intelligence. Evidence for that belief is sparse and may be an artifact of the failure of researchers to consider completed families. An inverse…

Research on adult sibling relationships suggests a concern about the quality of these relationships. The meaning of closeness in sibling relationships across the adult life span, its perceived origins, maintenance, and dynamics, were investigated in a sample of 55 adults ranging in age from 25 to 93 years. Semi-structured interviews with the…

The paper discusses the birth of a mentally retarded infant in terms of initial parent reactions, adjustment, decision to institutionalize, psychological effect on the mother, psychological effect on the father, impact on the marriage, and impact on siblings. The birth is a traumatic experience for the parents and can result in initial feelings of…

The effectiveness of special class placement was studied in 33 emotionally disturbed children (ages 8 to 19 years) attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic. It was found, among other things, that there was a positive relationship between success in a special class, and socioeconomic status, intactness of family, and absence of pychopathology in…

This research project focuses on the socialization of young women, and whether that socialization is affected by the sex of the siblings with whom a girl is reared. Specifically, it is argued that sex role differentiation will be stronger when the family includes both male and female children. Subjects were 939 women, 14 to 24 years of age, who…

On the basis of the sibling-similarity hypothesis, it was hypothesized that females with a sister as opposed to females with a brother would report less past and desired sport participation and more psychological femininity. To investigate this hypothesis, sibling-sex-status and ordinal position effects were analyzed separately for females who…

This monograph, done in Helsinki, Finland, contains the first and fourth sections dealing with design, hypotheses, results, and discussion, describing school achievement in terms of ability, trait, situational, and background variables. The report (1) investigates the structure of school achievement, (2) describes school achievement in terms of…

A role-modeling theory was applied to the problem of birth-order and conformity to a same-sex peer group. Subjects were male and female college students from two-sibling families. Results showed that highest conformity was found for later-born females with a same-sex sibling, and least for later-born males with a same-sex sibling. An intermediate…

A case study of psychiatric intervention for two sisters whose brother is dying of leukemia is presented. The therapeutic technique attempted to deal with the threatened loss by a forthright approach to the reality situation, encouraging "immunizing" discussions, allowance for catharsis without severe regression, emphasis on reality orientation,…

Available from: British Medical Journal, 1172 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02134. Some first year results of a 5-year longitudinal study of smoking in 6330 English secondary school children (11-16 years old) are reviewed. (Author)

This investigation indicates that birth order is significantly related to participation in dangerous sports and that first borns are less likely to engage in risk taking than are later borns. (JD)

The cumulative deficit hypothesis with respect to age decrement in IQ between the ages of 5 and 18 was investigated in large samples of white and black school children in rural Georgia. An environmental interpretation of the age decrement in IQ found for the black sample was offered. (Author/JMB)

Research on the effect of teacher expectations on student performance is considered as it relates to the reading teacher. (SBH)

The results of Seaver's (1973) quasi-experimental study of the effects of teacher expectancies on student achievement based on older sibling performance are reinterpreted as a regression artifact. That this rival explanation has not been recognized in the literature is probably due to the effects of researcher expectancies. (Author/BS)