Second and fifth graders from five sociometric status groups were interviewed for their attributional, emotional, and behavioral responses to hypothetical social encounters with same-sex and same-grade peers with the same sociometric status. Results demonstrate that children's manner of processing social information is a complex phenomenon based…

Data from a national survey for 872 white adolescents (470 males and 402 females) are used to examine the relationships between parental control and juvenile delinquency. Parental controls significantly inhibit delinquency more often for males than females. For males, these controls are more effective in middle adolescence. (SLD)

The development of sex stereotype knowledge (SSK) was studied using 120, 120, and 204 Portuguese children aged 5, 8, and 11 years, respectively. SSK increased with age and socioeconomic status. Results are compared with findings from Brazil, Latin America, and a 24-country study by D. Best and others (1977). (SLD)

Age-related differences in adolescent orientation to the future were studied for 124 Israeli female junior and senior high school students and college seniors. Results show greater support for a hypothesis predicting differences derived from H. Heckhausen's least necessary expenditure principle than for a social control and continuity principle.…

Comparison of college students with learning disabilities who either graduated (n=23) or did not graduate (n=17) from college found that the two groups differed on frequency of self-contained placement, duration of private tutoring, high school English courses, and age and prior college experience at college entrance. Gender differences were also…

Findings from two studies of middle to late adulthood indicate that elderly people are effective in maintaining a sense of control and a positive view of self and personal development. Argues that the resiliency of the elderly hinges on the interplay between activities that alleviate developmental losses and accommodative processes by which…

Among 1,453 male and 1,133 female academically talented 7- to 11-year-old students, boys performed better overall than girls on mathematical reasoning. Gender differences appeared as early as second grade, varying according to mathematics subskills. Male performance was better on tasks requiring application of algebraic rules and understanding of…

Teacher and peer perceptions of aggression were investigated with 479 male and 420 female third through eighth graders. Teachers and students' peers reported higher levels of aggression in boys than girls, and these perceptions were relatively stable across grades. Issues relevant to identification of highly aggressive youth were identified. (SLD)

Data from the National Study of the Incidence and Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect were analyzed concerning kinds of cases underreported, overreported, or not reported. The analysis examined age, family income, sex, race, urban or rural, and type of abuse from sexual abuse to educational neglect. (JDD)

Describes how one child care center staff helps infants make the transition to the toddler group. Transition occurs over a period of several weeks, involving parent-staff consultation and continual adult support. The child manages the change in small steps, resulting in a smooth transition and allowing the child the independence and support…

Young, middle-aged, and older adults practiced a squaring algorithm. Working-memory and calculation errors were counted. Practice reduced the number of both types of errors; eliminated initial age-related calculation error differences; and slightly reduced initial age-related working-memory error differences. (BC)

Assessed differences in masculinity, femininity, and sex role attitudes in adolescent girls and boys, and the relation of pubertal timing to intensification of those attitudes. Found that sex differences in masculinity and sex role attitudes increased with age. Pubertal timing was unrelated to masculinity, femininity, and sex role attitudes. (BC)

Through a self-report procedure, 41 mainstreamed hearing-impaired students' perceptions of their social integration were studied. The subjects (ages 7-19) perceived themselves differently than normal-hearing peers on items relating to verbal expression of emotions, verbal aggression, physical aggression, and interaction. Age and gender effects…

Describes a study that examined changes in the directors of Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member libraries from 1970-89. Directors' characteristics are discussed, including gender, previous position held, age, and highest degree; library characteristics are described, including size of collection and expenditures; and literature about…

A total of 86 girls of 2 to 6 years completed Level 1 spatial and affective perspective-taking tasks. Results showed increasingly accurate performance with age. Task intercorrelations and factor analyses provided support for the coherence of the Level 1 perspective-taking construct. (Author/BB)