A meta-analysis was conducted of 137 studies investigating the effects of father absence due to employment, military service, death, divorce, separation, or desertion on children's cognitive performance as assessed by scores on standardized intelligence, scholastic aptitude, and academic achievement tests and school grades. Aggregation of the…

The 25 selected papers contained in this volume reflect the current diversity of interests and research methods within the field of sociolinguistics. Titles include: "What is a Language?"; "The Unreality of Quantitative Figures"; "Addressee-Oriented Features in Spoken Discourse"; "Women's Speech, Women's…

Americans generally lack foreign language competence, and their exposure to foreign languages in the United States is inadequate. Foreign language instruction is deficient in both quality and quantity, and although there are indications of improvement in both areas, it will be many years before the effects of improvements are clear. The…

This report summarizes three related studies of 3- to 5-year-old children's temperament and its relationship to their social competence, ability to solve interpersonal problems, locus of control, parent behavior and teacher/child interactions. Fifty-eight children, predominantly middle class participants in a laboratory preschool, and their…

This report is based on an in-depth study of early education in five multicultural primary schools in England's West Midlands. The aim of the study was to identify developments and features of organization that facilitate communication between teachers and children and among the children themselves. Specifically examined were the abilities of 247…

As part of a longitudinal study of the New York State Experimental Prekindergarten Program (PreK), several measures were administered to the four-year-old children in the fall of 1975 and to a sample of the same children in the spring of 1976. Analyses of covariance were carried out on three measures of cognitive development with one of five…

Studies from several countries are described in this review of literature pertinent to assigning day care children to multi-age or homogeneous age groups. Three issues are discussed in this regard: (1) What difference does it make how one groups children? The answer is that a profound difference to children, staff, and parents may occur in terms…

Similarities and differences between adult and traditional-aged students were analyzed based on a survey of 13 cohorts of first-year college freshmen. A sample of 172,400 first-year students over the age of 21 who responded to the Cooperative Institutional Research Program's freshman survey between 1966 and 1978 was compared to a nationally…

Test results were consolidated from needs assessments or program evaluations conducted between 1969 and 1978, and extensively analyzed. About 120,000 elementary and secondary students and their parents were tested; the majority of the sample is from the Southeast, and of these the largest number are from Alabama. Five tests were interpreted: (1)…

A paired-comparisons measure of distributive justice development, the Distributive Justice Scale (DJS), was developed and validated in four studies. Pictures were drawn to represent the different stages of distributive justice for a given dilemma and the DJS was scored by selecting the child's preferred stage via the picture comparisons for each…

This monograph presents a detailed description of the background, design, methods, and subjects of a study of sex-role socialization in the nursery school. The objectives of the study were to (1) define sex-role differentiation, (2) examine the relation between age and sex-role differentiation,, (3) describe and explain the influences of the…

The investigation examined the role of physical activity programs in the modification of the motor, intellectual, social, and emotional development of educable mentally retarded children and minimally brain injured children. Forty nine classes of children (275 educable mentally retarded and 206 minimally brain injured) participated in 20 weeks of…

This report describes the development and validation of the Unisex ACT Interest Inventory (UNIACT). In contrast to other interest inventories in common use, the UNIACT contains scales on which males and females receive similar scores. In the development of the UNIACT, more than 200 potentially sex-balanced items were administered to 10,211 people,…

The results of a modified version of the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test are presented in relation to selected demographic and socioeconomic factors as they affect youths aged 12-17 years in the noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Findings are based on data gathered on a sample of 6,768 adolescents who participated in the Health…

A Statewide Study Team presented a comprehensive plan for educational improvement in North Dakota. Several basic educational problems were identified which can be solved by qualified educational personnel. This document describes the personnel situation. Discussion includes the following: characteristics of public school teachers in terms of…