Physical activity in youth is significant as it lays the foundation for a healthier lifestyle. However, in physical education classes, the voice of the student often goes unheard. The purpose of this study was to determine how the perception or preference of physical activity differs by age, gender, and/or ethnicity in a middle school setting.…

Non-cognitive factors, such as motivation, have shown to play a significant role in adolescences science learning. However, there is little longitudinal research investigating students' intrinsic motivation in science learning over school years. Based on self-determination theory, this study examines the change in, and associations between,…

In this study, we examined how variables such as the age of faculty members, autism awareness, and readiness to work with individuals with autism predict their attitudes toward individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This study included 240 faculty members from various faculties. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis.…

Spatial skills are critical for learning in STEM areas and are affected by spatial anxiety and working memory. Prior work also showed that there are interaction effects between spatial anxiety and verbal working memory (WM) on spatial skills, such that the negative relation between spatial anxiety and spatial skills is stronger among higher- than…

This study examines metamotivation--the beliefs and processes that allow for flexible regulation of motivational states to achieve desired outcomes. We investigated (1) metamotivational knowledge across grade levels, (2) the cultural and developmental generalizability of the metamotivational knowledge and performance association, (3) the role of…

Strategies to promote healthy behaviors among older adults are needed to mitigate vulnerabilities to negative health outcomes, especially for those with low income. Healthy Eating and Staying Active as We Age (HESA), a nine-lesson educational series for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-eligible older adults, was created to promote health…

Educational robotics is known for its effects on learners' engagement and academic achievement. Few studies have examined the teacher's attitude towards the implementation of ER in teaching practice. The main goal of this study is to examine the teachers' attitudes, self-efficacy and openness towards incorporating educational robotics into their…

Purpose: This study explores whether and how balance of multilingual exposure (BME) impacts gesture comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: Eighty-six autistic children (aged 4-12 years) varying in their balance of exposure to different languages completed a gamified task assessing the comprehension of deictic,…

Self-report surveys are widely used in applied linguistics. Nevertheless, insufficient effort responding--often stemming from a lack of motivation from participants--can compromise survey data quality and distort research findings. This study investigated insufficient effort responding through an online survey assessing second language (L2)…

In industrialized societies, adults exhibit stable preferences for the types of people, animals, and entities they feel moral concern for (Crimston et al., 2016). Only one published study to date has utilized the moral circles paradigm to examine these preferences in children, finding that as children age, their preferences shift to become more…

Deaf and hearing adults perceive faces differently. This study investigates whether these differences are acquired during childhood development. We characterized facial perception in deaf and hearing children aged 7-17 using a perceptual discrimination task. Configural and featural information was manipulated in the eye and mouth facial regions.…

Adults have a vertical attention bias (VAB) that directs their focus toward object tops and scene bottoms. This is consistent with focusing attention on the informative aspects and affordances of the environment, and generally favoring a downward gaze. The smaller size of children, combined with their relatively limited interactions with objects…

The concepts of digital obesity and digital literacy, which are interconnected in influencing human beings, can find their place in all areas of life with the virtualized life industry in the globalizing world. Having these competencies, awareness can be explained by the orientation process between these concepts and the individual. In this…

Despite the potential benefits of children's confrontations of other children's racial biases--especially for targets of bias--little is known about how young children react upon observing instances of racial discrimination. In the present research, child participants completed a novel measure designed to test their reactions to another child's…

This study explores the effects of feedback type, feedback occasion, and year level on student self-assessments in higher education. In total, 126 university students participated in this randomized experiment under three experimental conditions (i.e., rubric feedback, instructor's written feedback, and rubric feedback plus instructor's written…