Followed 201 treated substance abusers for 6 months and found that Blacks and women were more likely to attend self-help groups and that measures of social stability did not predict attendance. Found that persons who attended groups had more severe problems in several domains. (Author/NB)

Identified factors contributing to competent parenting by adolescent mothers and optimal outcomes for their school-age children (n=258). Optimal parenting was found to be influenced by background factors as well as factors evolving since birth; in turn these factors and parenting influenced outcomes for children. (ABL)

Formal operational ability and interpersonal understanding, possible predictors of adolescent egocentrism, were studied in 87 adolescents from 4 age groups--preadolescents, ages 11-12; young adolescents, ages 13-14; adolescents, ages 16-17; young adults, ages 18-21. Interpersonal understanding level did predict egocentrism as measured by a…

Reviews past research that examined which variables might affect learning from feedback and identifies areas that need further research. Topics discussed include feedback as reinforcement; modeling of the feedback cycle; response certitude; feedback elaboration; error analyses; and feedback and higher-level tasks. (65 references) (LRW)

Found that recent stressful life events were negatively associated with aspects of children's social development. Also found that certain coping styles and family characteristics were more predictive of children's social development than were other coping styles and were more predictive of children's psychosocial adjustment than their cognitive…

Examined 114 pairs of same-sex infant twins and their parents to investigate infant predictors of adult IQ. Found that some measures of infants' information processing, language ability, and temperament predicted the average IQ of infants' parents. Results support the view that some stability in certain types of intellectual functioning from…

Because leisure activities may predict adult accomplishment better than factors such as intelligence and school grades, the construct validity of the Tel-Aviv Activities Inventory, a measure of leisure activities, was evaluated with 934 junior/senior high school students. Results support the instrument's usefulness for career counseling with…

Ten judges with varying expertise rated 183 occupations on 3 dimensions (predictable/unpredictable, self/nonself, social/nonsocial). Comparison with "Dictionary of Occupational Titles" ratings of interest and temperament requirements showed that occupations can be characterized reliably on these dimensions. (SK)

Examines factors related to the slower reading of text by reading-disabled compared to average readers. Finds phonological awareness and digit-naming speed consistently related to speed and errors on initial reading and on reading for a fourth time. Finds an independent relationship between phonemic sensitivity and fluency. (RS)

Challenges the use of ethnicity as a predictor of school-level achievement because of its lack of manipulability, lack of intrinsic association with home processes, and inability to advance the understanding of models of school-level achievement. The use of socioeconomic status as a more robust predictor of school-level achievement is recommended.…

Examines factors predisposing to enlistment in the all-volunteer armed forces, using data from a 1971 sample of over 2,000 Houston (Texas) seventh graders, with followups in 1980 and 1988. Finds that volunteers are more likely to have experienced limited peer acceptance and some disruption of socioemotional ties and that they are amenable to…

Analyzes factors affecting the birth weight of infants born to Southeast Asian immigrant parents in Washington State from 1980 through 1986. Finds an annual reduction of 6.4 percent in the prevalence of low birth weight associated with an improvement in parental occupational status. (FMW)

A study of 84 North Carolina agricultural education graduates found that performance on the communication skills and general knowledge portions of the National Teacher Examinations (NTE) and in an educational psychology course are good predictors of success on the professional knowledge portion of the NTE. (SK)

Examined presence of racial bias in Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory's (MMPI) use with 22 Black and 22 White inpatient psychiatric patients. Found no statistically or clinically significant differences between 2 races on MMPI. Suggests that differences in previous studies may be attributable to variables other than race. (Author/PVV)

Conducted meta-analysis of studies examining student financial aid and persistence relationship to determine whether financial aid promotes student persistence in higher education. Found financial aid was important factor affecting persistence and promoting persistence among minority groups, with the dollar amount having significant positive…