In her introduction to this theme issue on women and leadership, the author reviews evidence on the background characteristics and advancement patterns of women leaders. Childhood sports participation, parental support, role models, mentors, education, and the development of security and self-confidence are considered as requisites to leadership…

This follow-up study of 275 university freshmen confirmed that the final secondary examination, the Higher School Certificate, is a moderately good predictor of university success. Of the other variables studied (satisfaction with university and various personality measures) only a study habits score contributed further to the prediction of…

This study examined videotaped teacher and performer behavior during several high school ensemble rehearsals to determine the predictability of off-task behavior from eight carrier variables. Results indicated a strong relationship between off-task behavior and individual teachers, nonperformance activity, and teacher eye contact. (Author/SJL)

Using data from several British local education agencies, this analysis demonstrates that, when such intake variables as social background are controlled, school effects on attainment emerge; that is, students attending the "more effective" secondary schools gain a competitive edge in terms of public examination results. (Author/SJL)

Student counselors predicted sex-role behaviors of a hypothetical female or male client experiencing academic and personal difficulties. In general, student-counselor attitudes (liberal or moderate) toward sex roles influenced their predictions of client behavior in work and education roles but not in family roles. (Author)

A survey of more than 600 Michigan high school students suggests that adolescents who prefer television news and public affairs programs tend to feel their families, friends, and schools think public affairs are important; tend to be older; and tend not to be from a minority racial background. (GT)

Three studies indicate that because Black students can enter college with substantially lower Scholastic Aptitude Test scores than their White peers yet still expect to achieve on a par with the majority population, other factors should be considered when predicting the academic success of Black students. (SB)

Stage-state analysis of the life course is presented as useful in identifying types of life courses and their relative frequency, in estimating the likelihood of moving from a given state through a sequence of future states, and in analyzing routes and processes connecting initial states with potential outcomes. (Author/DB)

Proximity of dormitory peers, involvement in informal social activities, and lack of commitment to religious and academic values were independently related to drinking and drinking onset. Formal involvement in college activities and psychological stress had no independent effect. (CP)

Results showed the Scholastic Aptitude Test-verbal section, the Scholastic Aptitude Test-mathematics section, the rank in class, and annual income were not effective predictors of college graduation, withdrawal or academic dismissal status. Future research should investigate the interaction of both antecedent and intervening variables. (Author)

To ensure that foreign dental graduates have the knowledge and professional skills necessary to practice dentistry in the United States, several dental schools have established international student programs. A study to determine effective predictors of the success of foreign dentists at the University of Southern California is reported.…

This research was concerned with the significance of class size, class level, and core v noncore sections of classes in instructor evaluation at a major state university. High evaluations were associated with small, noncore, undergraduate classes. (Author/CP)

Data in Yarworth and Gauthier's article on student self- concept and participation in school activities (EJ 189 606) were reanalyzed by Walsh and Winne (TM 505 375). Yarworth and Gauthier's criticism of the reanalysis (TM 505 376) is answered. (GDC)

The confluence model of cognitive development was tested on 7,060 children. Family size, sibling order within family sizes, and hypothesized age-dependent effects were tested. Findings indicated an inverse relationship between family size and the cognitive measures; age-dependent effects and other confluence variables were found to be…

The effect of attitudes toward mathematics-related coursework, previous mathematics coursework, student sex, spatial ability, and masculinity-femininity of interest pattern on statistics achievement were studied in 188 graduate students. Sex-related differences were found in mathematics attitude, spatial visualization, and achievement in the…