This presentation deals with the topic of ethnic/racial identity development, acknowledging the importance of recognizing the multicultural component in identity formation. The literature has pointed to several areas that are central to effective prejudice-prevention and prejudice-reduction programming, among them an emphasis on cognitive…

Investigated sex differences in the behavior patterns of toddlers and subsequent parental reactions. Data was obtained from observations in the homes of subjects, and compared to parents' answers on a child rearing questionnaire. (DP)

Children (N=408) from three experimental infant schools in Israel were observed during their free play for three consecutive weeks, using observational categories based on Parten's (1932) work. Findings based on 2,157 observations provide norms of social behavior and organization for ages five to seven, an age group which was not studied…

Differences between males and females have been documented for a number of behaviors. Among the environmental determinants of the development of behavioral sex differences is differential treatment of girls and boys by their parents and teachers. This paper reviews and comments on the research literature concerning differential socialization of…

Currently, two trends are converging that will shape the future of communication theory. One is "the new narcissism"--a phenomenon characterized by prescriptions for personal fulfillment such as those reflected in popular psychologies and religions. The second trend is the scientific revolution concerned with exchanging static models of reality…

THE CHOICE OF GOALS AND PRACTICES TO BE UTILIZED IN APPROACHES TO EFFECTING BEHAVIORAL CHANGE IS USUALLY DETERMINED BY THE PRACTITIONER'S VIEW OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BEHAVIORAL ORGANIZATION. TWO BEHAVIOR THEORIES ARE THE PROJECTIVE VIEW AND THE REFLECTIONAL VIEW OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BEHAVIORAL ORGANIZATION. IN THE PROJECTIVE VIEW,…

TO ASSESS THE SENSITIVITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF TEACHER TRAINEES IN SITUATIONS WHERE THE LEARNER'S FRAME OF REFERENCE DIFFERS FROM THE TRAINEE'S, A METHOD ENTITLED COMMUNICATION TASK WAS EMPLOYED. THE TRAINEE WAS TOLD TO COMMUNICATE (IN 15 MINUTES) THE CONCEPT OF THE BALANCE OF POWER IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO A "ROLE PLAYER," WHOSE…

THIS STUDY REPORTED ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF NEW PROCEDURES FOR INSTRUCTION OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES TO AMERICAN YOUTH. A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE WHICH WAS CONDUCTED BY AN INVESTIGATIVE TEAM. THE STUDIES (212) WERE ABSTRACTED AND COMPRISED THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. A WORKING SET OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES WERE…

This book for teacher trainees and practicing teachers contains programmed lessons that are designed to explain the theory and techniques of classroo m behavior modification. The first part deals with basic principles of behavior modification and includes chapters on how behaviors are learned, why they are maintained, and how they can be…

The purpose of this research was to study expectations of elementary school children in two ways: experimentally and observationally. Expectations may be roughly defined as a child's ideas of his own ability at a particular task. From the data it appears that childrens' expectations could be raised experimentally by a suitable adult and high…

This study analyzed the mental distractions of students while reading a text. Ss were asked to press a switch to record mental distractions as they occurred, and a treatment was designed to attempt to reduce the number of distractions. The hypothesis related to the treatment effect was that students given explicit training to reduce distractions…

In testing Weiner's (1972) attribution theory of achievement behavior, success was found to produce (1) no differential attribution to effort for those high and low in achievement motivation, and (2) an early performance asymptote for those high in achievement motivation, while (3) it also facilitated performance independently of attributions. The…

A self-controlled problem-solving approach to the facilitation of effective behavior is presented. This approach involves training in the use of a cognitive strategy for dealing with real life problematic situations. An individual will progress through five phases with respect to real or hypothetical problematic situations. The first phase,…

This paper describes the processes of Monitored Play-Therapy, a method which seeks to measure the changes which may take place over a number of play therapy sessions. The laboratory is in use at Georgia State College in Atlanta and is designed for boys seven through twelve years of age. The Monitored Playroom Laboratory consists of a control booth…