In an educational setting, an estimate of the difficulty of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs), a commonly used strategy to assess learning progress, constitutes very useful information for both teachers and students. Since human assessment is costly from multiple points of view, automatic approaches to MCQ item difficulty estimation are…

In this article I draw on existing theory in a project of synthesis and integration to develop a terminological, conceptual, and graphic model for understanding the scope of critical thinking. I begin by showing why the idea of critical scope matters. I then develop a model that maps the scope of critical thinking across individual, sociocultural,…

Gamification, when properly implemented in education and training, can increase the engagement and motivation of learners and inspire them to change aspects of their behaviour to support learning. Although the use of gamification in the learning process might have a positive impact, its potential to strengthen education and training has not yet…

Regression discontinuity (RD) designs are increasingly used for causal evaluations. However, the literature contains little guidance for conducting a moderation analysis within an RDD context. The current article focuses on moderation with a single binary variable. A simulation study compares: (1) different bandwidth selectors and (2) local…

This book asks whose histories, knowledges, struggles, sorrows, joys, dreams, and expertise matter in teacher education and teacher residencies. It conceives of teacher residencies as a space for the multiplicity of voices and experiences needed to create opportunities for more democratic education and explores how this might be achieved despite…

Community colleges are positioned in an ecosystem of complex organizational conditions and have a multitude of external factors influencing their context. This context demands systemic change work that is complex, which requires community college leaders to be adaptable to their organizational landscape. In this article, we provide key insights…

Many large-scale assessments model proficiency with a latent regression on contextual variables. Item-response data are used to estimate the parameters of the latent variable model and are used in conjunction with the contextual data to generate plausible values of individuals' proficiency attributes. These models typically incorporate numerous…

The deepened understandings of the Double Reduction policy have instigated a transition from focusing on reduction in homework quantity to emphasizing homework quality in Chinese basic education. The digital transformation in education offers new opportunities to address the current issues with homework management, such as unscientific design of…

Mathematical modelling emphasizes the connection between mathematics and reality -- still, tasks are often exclusively introduced inside the classroom. The paper examines the potential of different task settings for mathematical modelling with real objects: outdoors at the real object itself, with photographs and with a 3D model representation. It…

The left-hemisphere language cortex is known to be structurally aberrant in developmental dyslexia (also referred to as reading disability, RD). However, studies have not addressed the neuroanatomical bases of dyslexia in bilinguals, even though bilingualism is common, and the bilingual experience is thought to alter the language cortex. This…

This article presents an 8P theoretical framework for understanding creativity and theories of creativity. The 8Ps are purpose, press, person, problem, process, product, propulsion, and public. The article opens by distinguishing between a theory and a model, on the one hand, and a theoretical framework, on the other. It then considers briefly…

The pedagogy aspect of education has been the key factor influencing the effectiveness and quality of e-learning platforms. However, there is a lack of systematic review with an emphasis on the pedagogical aspect when it comes to e-learning in higher education. This research aims to systematically review seven major databases to identify the…

Students' positive perceptions of teachers' caring behaviour have favourable outcomes, yet they have been little researched, especially in an Asian context. This study aims to establish a model explaining teachers' caring behaviour (TCB) by testing multiple indicators. The survey instrument was administered to 296 students, whose responses were…

Linear functional relationships are intended to be symmetric and therefore cannot generally be accurately estimated using ordinary least squares regression equations. Orthogonal regression (OR) models allow for errors in both "Y" and "X" and therefore can provide symmetric estimates of these relationships. The most…

Most individuals who take, interpret, design, or score tests are aware that examinees do not always provide full effort when responding to items. However, many such individuals are not aware of how pervasive the issue is, what its consequences are, and how to address it. In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. James Soland will help fill these gaps in…