Semantic influences on attention during the 1st fixation on a scene were explored in 3 experiments. Subjects viewed briefly presented scenes; following scene presentation, a spatial probe was presented at the location of an object whose identity was consistent or inconsistent with the scene category. Responses to the probe served as an index of…

Turner Syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder affecting primarily females. It arises from a loss of X-chromosome material, most usually one of the two X chromosomes. Affected individuals have a number of distinguishing somatic features, including short stature and ovarian dysgenesis. Individuals with TS show a distinct neurocognitive profile…

According to a recent theory, anterior cingulate cortex is sensitive to response conflict, the coactivation of mutually incompatible responses. The present research develops this theory to provide a new account of the error-related negativity (ERN), a scalp potential observed following errors. Connectionist simulations of response conflict in an…

This study assessed visual selective attention in children with attention difficulties compared to typically achieving children using the flanker task and the feature and conjunction visual search task. Results suggest that children with attention difficulties have a characteristic inability to restrict visual attention to a limited spatial area…

Autism is a developmental disorder with possibly multiple pathophysiologies. It has been theorized that cortical feature maps in individuals with autism are inadequate for forming abstract codes and representations. Cortical feature maps make it possible to classify stimuli, such as phonemes of speech, disregarding incidental detail. Hierarchies…

Poorer performance in conditions involving task repetition within blocks of mixed tasks relative to task repetition within blocks of single task is called mixing cost (MC). In 2 experiments exploring 2 hypotheses regarding the origins of MC, participants either switched between cued shape and color tasks, or they performed them as single tasks.…

Joint attention, a synchronizing of the attention of two or more persons, has been an increasing focus of research in cognitive developmental psychology. Research in this area has progressed mainly outside of behavior analysis, and behavior-analytic research and theory has tended to ignore the work on joint attention. It is argued here, on the one…

In many theories of cognition, researchers propose that working memory and perception operate interactively. For example, in previous studies researchers have suggested that sensory inputs matching the contents of working memory will have an automatic advantage in the competition for processing resources. The authors tested this hypothesis by…

This paper offers teachers basic information about sensory integration and suggests strategies for managing classrooms which include children with sensory integrative dysfunction. The first section looks at what sensory integration is, noting especially the roles of the three "near senses": the vestibular system, the proprioceptive system, and the…

To test differential incentive effects on immediate and delayed free recall and on recognition, fifth graders were presented word lists with items were associated with 10J or 1J rewards. Results were consistent with the Atkinson and Wickens model. Incentives are discussed in terms of mediated attention mechanisms. (GO)

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC-R) Freedom from Distractibility (FFD) factor and other neurocognitive measures were examined as to their discriminative validity in diagnosing children with Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity (ADD/H), ADD/H children with concurrent Conduct Disorder, and children comprising a clinic…

This report is based on the observation of about 100 students in a college program that engages the exclusive attention of students in the study of contemporary geography for one quarter, generally at the junior year, which is usually the first term of their major program. A stylized syllabus with selected readings is presented. (Author/ND)

This article examined the effect of allocation of attention on adaptation to displacement when proprioception and vision conflict and considered whether more effective procedures to insure that attention is directed in the prescribed manner would cause adaptation to be confined strictly to the unattended modality. (Author/RK)

Findings suggest that impairment in sustained attention is associated with difficulty in learning in second grade children and that such impairment can be identified at an earlier age, and in children with less marked academic underachievement than is commonly believed. (EVH)

Research was undertaken to test the hypothesis that reactance-based responses are facilitated by self-focused attention. (Psychological reactance has been defined as a motivational state that occurs when a person perceives that his or her freedom has been threatened in some way.) In addition, these studies served as further tests of the predictive…