Transfer of knowledge and skills from the classroom to real life settings is an essential goal of any educational program. A study of microcounseling skills possessed by graduate students examined their interactions with classmates in a role playing situation. All students participated in skills training, responded to videotaped client vignettes,…

Overviews of schema theory, which focuses on the cognitive operations engaged in by the reader, and discourse analysis, which focuses on structural characteristics of the text itself, are presented in this paper. The first section explains the notion of cognitive schemata (patterns of expectations that are applied to incoming information) and…

Forty low-achieving seventh and eighth grade students were involved in a study to ascertain whether intelligence, underachievement, or the difference between aural and sight vocabularies could predict relative learning rate with respect to reading achievement gains. For purposes of the study, "relative learning rate" was defined as the ratio of…

This paper reports on an experiment undertaken to delineate more clearly the relationship between the naming process in children and certain aspects of the environment which may play a role in that process. The investigation concerned the effect of manipulation and of object novelty on naming. Sixteen children, ten girls and six boys, ranging in…

Nine prevalent ideas about reading in the content areas are analyzed in this paper. The ideas are as follows: (1) students can not read textbooks because elementary teachers did not teach them to read; (2) students can not read textbooks because of poor phonics and word recognition skills; (3) "real learning" results from reading, rather than from…

Two kinds of research groups have evolved in higher education: one devoted to student learning and the other to teacher training. Both groups share a common interest in the development of student thinking and appear to be proceeding along parallel paths, which may be to their disadvantage. At the same time, some researchers in teacher training are…

The learning module described is for the use of inservice teachers interested in a study of the process of inquiry. It is designed for a workshop-sized group of teachers at the secondary school level but may be adapted for teachers in the middle school. The topics addressed in this product relate to the process of inquiry and include questioning…

The module described is addressed to inservice teachers of all subject areas in the middle and secondary school levels. The goal of this module is to provide learners with sufficient knowledge about programmed instruction to enable them to implement programmed instruction in their classroom. The scope and sequencing of topics is outlined.…

Compared in this report based on a dissertation are the tendencies of Chinese and Americans to conform to their own cultural norms. Background information is provided through a review of pertinent literature and a discussion of conformity and imitation. Three experiments used in investigating the degree of conformity and imitation in Chinese and…

This report examined adult learning principles which were developed through an analysis and synthesis of the literature in adult education, andragogy, teaching and learning, and other related fields. The report consists of six sections. The first section deals with background assumptions relevant to the field of adult education and adult learning.…

The strategies used by upper-division college students (juniors and seniors) to learn information in a variety of task materials were assessed. Fifty juniors and seniors enrolled in an undergraduate psychology course at the Univeristy of Texas at Austin were administered the Learning Activities Questionnaire (LAQ) along with an accompanying…

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 23 titles deal with a variety of topics, including the following: (1) the effects on reading comprehension of a number of reader-related factors, including lookback during studying, oral versus silent reading modes, reading…

This theoretical study of second language learning is divided into eight sections: (1) "Elements of a Theory of Second Language Learning," (2) "Second Language Learning in the Light of Neurophysiological Findings," (3) "Cognitive Strategies in the Second Language Learning Process," (4) "On Accounting for the Role Played by Affective Factors in…

This handbook was prepared for use in any classroom to aid the student in understanding how to become a better learner and how to learn meaningfully. This program is based on Ausubel's cognitive learning theory which places emphasis on the differences between meaningful learning and rote learning. To acquire knowledge meaningfully means that the…

INCLUDED ARE CASE DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO RETARDED READERS WHOSE ORAL READING SCORES WERE TWO GRADE LEVELS ABOVE PLACEMENT, A DESCRIPTION OF CLASSROOM TEACHNIQUE THAT TEACHES WITH A 25 TO 1 PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO, AND A DISCUSSION OF THE PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION TO MEET INDIVIDUAL NEEDS. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE…