The clustered observational study (COS) design is the observational study counterpart to the clustered randomized trial. In a COS, a treatment is assigned to intact groups, and all units within the group are exposed to the treatment. However, the treatment is non-randomly assigned. COSs are common in both education and health services research. In…

Experimental designs in the social sciences have received increasing attention due to their power to produce causal inferences. Nevertheless, experimental research faces limitations, including limited external validity and unrealistic treatments. We propose combining qualitative fieldwork and experimental design iteratively--moving back-and-forth…

Balancing coverage of qualitative, quantitative and combined methods, "Educational Research" offers a truly inclusive and integrated overview of the processes involved in planning, conducting and evaluating research. It first examines the general steps in the research process and then details the procedures for conducting specific types…

Industry-funded research can prevent academic freedom from thriving at universities. It can also lead to misleading research that harms consumers. This book chapter focuses on how corporations sometimes use methods that contribute to the corruption of science and includes descriptions of several cases that occurred at universities. Some of the…

This case study explores the challenges of conducting a culture-based educational design research project for early childhood educators in an online environment that is further complicated by an international pandemic. The project applied a systematic learning process to better understand computational thinking. Twelve early childhood educators…

Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) are widely used in behavioral sciences to examine how humans value attributes of a technology, how those values drive decisions, and how they make trade-offs. The method has increasingly been used to inform technologies and interventions for addressing critical issues (e.g. disease and hunger). Different formats…

The study of infant gaze has long been a key tool for understanding the developing mind. However, labor-intensive data collection and processing limit the speed at which this understanding can be advanced. Here, we demonstrate an asynchronous workflow for conducting violation-of-expectation (VoE) experiments, which is fully "hands-off"…

School engagement is a multidimensional concept describing how students behave, feel, and think. Previous meta-analyses suggest that school engagement may be underpinned by specific aspects of teacher support. However, given that school engagement is also multifaceted, it is important to examine how each aspect of school engagement is related to…

Single-case research designs (SCRDs) are rigorous methods used to investigate the effects of interventions on socially important outcomes. A hallmark of SCRDs is repeated measurement of observable behavior presented in time-series graphs. The construction of time-series graphs can inflate Type I or Type II errors made via visual analysis. In the…

Notions of consent, including assent and dissent, are paramount ethical considerations in human research, but have different connotations in research involving young children (aged 3 to 8). While discussion surrounding consent in the early childhood literature has progressed from paternalistic views surrounding the need to protect the child, to…

As perspectives upon accountability are changing, researchers are making efforts to redefine conversations about how teacher quality enhances the quality of education and gains in students' achievement. Mid-career teachers, who are a school's greatest source of professional capital and expertise, are often neglected in these discussions, and may…

Background/purpose: The authors of this research present a study on Fake News and the communication processes that are generated in different educational and professional contexts through a systematic review. Materials/methods: This is descriptive research that analyses 139 results present in Web of Science and SCOPUS, using the criteria…

The growing interest in professional development for teachers via massive open online courses (MOOCs) raises the need for identifying the existing gaps in the literature on the topic. In this literature review, we were able to identify 68 relevant studies. They mostly used mixed methods (57%) and surveys (82%), and only reported descriptive…

The education system has relied on conventional single-score assessments, which provide limited insights into students' cognitive abilities. Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) offers a promising alternative by providing detailed information on students' cognitive processes. The review aims to explore the recent trends of cognitive diagnostic…

This paper explores the concept of adaptive research design, in which topic, theoretical framing, method, and data are "in principle" open to adaptation during the research process. The main premise is that adaptations in one element of the research process can trigger changes in other elements. Both positive and negative reasons for…