Test design and content and course design and content are mutually influential. In accordance with changing trends in foreign language instruction--individualized learning, independent study, small group instruction, peer teaching--testing should likewise be revamped to reinforce and inform the learning process. Tests must take into account…

This paper is an attempt to show what parameters come into play when dealing with the problem of difficulty in foreign language learning. After subjecting the hierarchy of difficulty set up by R.P. Stockwell and J.D. Bowen to a critical examination, the author discusses various parameters such as individual and national difficulties, the…

High level officials from government, industry and the educational community met to consider the importance of technology in training and education. The symposium created a forum for the discussion of issues relating to the current state of the art of learning technology, the expanding range of applications of educational technology, the future…

A review of the college foreign language requirement and the general status of language instruction in the curriculum leads to suggestions for curricular reform at all educational levels. The malaise of the college student is explored and a call is made for reexamination of the rationale and content of language programs. A two-stage curriculum is…

This volume is part of the series prepared in connection with the Survey of the Behavioral and Social Sciences (BASS). This report is the result of the efforts of a panel of scholars in the field of psychology to give a general view of the state of psychological knowledge at the present. The first part of the work discusses the major sub-fields of…

This text, intended to assist the individual teacher in developing the basic ingredients of his own repertoire of effective teaching skills, provides a wide-ranging examination of language instruction beginning with a critical review of both audiolingual and cognitive theory and practice and concludes with an extensive discussion of the four…

The Commission was commended to investigate social, economic, and technological trends in Alberta for the next 20 years; to examine the needs of all individuals in the Province; to analyze total educational requirements; and to recommend future changes, structures, and priorities necessary for a comprehensive educational system. Between 1969 and…

A 12-day resident camp experience offering the primary objective of predetermined attitudinal change for the participants was developed and compared with a 12-day "typical camp" program. Areas of concern were the development of a more positive self-concept and more positive attitudes toward school and the learning process. Basic purpose of the…

Two primary lines of investigation are involved in this study of elementary school teacher effectiveness. The first focuses on individual differences in students and how these affect teacher expectations, attitudes, and behavior, and the process involved in the formation and change of expectations and attitudes. The overwhelming conclusion that…

The effect of clinical simulations on student learning in the teaching of ethics in a physical therapy curriculum was examined in a study of the experiences of 54 physical therapy students enrolled in a course in ethics in physical therapy practice. During the three-semester-hour course, the students participated in two clinical simulations that…

An examination of second language learning focuses on how universal cognitive processes in language learning and individual differences account for differences in language learning patterns. An introductory section gives background information suggesting that psycholinguistic factors in language learning should receive more attention for two…

The hypothesis that making judgments is the basis for workplace learning was examined by studying work in a range of occupations with a view to identifying and analyzing the main judgments involved in individuals' work performance. To test the hypothesis, six practicing professionals (three men and three women) were interviewed. Two of…

Developing the skills necessary to participate in academic discussions is an important goal in many programs of English for academic purposes. However, there has been little empirical investigation into how verbal and nonverbal aspects of discussion abilities might be developed. This paper reports the results of a semester-long effect of…

For many years, Robert Boyd has focused on the deeper emotional and spiritual dimensions of learning that many have suggested are underdeveloped in dominant conceptions of transformative learning. Boyd's work is grounded in the field of depth psychology, which is based on a fundamental belief in the powerful role that the dynamic unconscious plays…

The reciprocal process of engaging in and learning through work was examined. Reciprocity between how workplaces invite individuals to participate in and learn through work (its invitational qualities) and individuals' engagement in the workplace was proposed as a means of understanding how learning through work proceeds. Workplaces' invitational…