This study compared the comprehension monitoring skills of learning disabled (LD) and normal elementary school children. Comprehension monitoring, the ability to evaluate one's level of understanding of incoming messages, was assessed using two separate tasks. In the first (referential task), the child took the role of the listener in a…

This discussion of student output concentrates on reasons for learner's errors, types of errors, and some techniques for correcting them. An error is defined as an unintentional deviation from an expected pattern, which could be a linguistic form, a phonological or a grammatical rule, or an incorrect form or expression in a particular situation.…

Children aged three to six were shown drawings of three objects that were identical except for differences in size in one or both dimensions. Each child was asked to determine if one object was the tallest. A missing feature model was not supported, since a child was often correct for some items and incorrect for others. Errors were partially…

Empirical Bayes point estimates of true score may be obtained if the distribution of observed score for a fixed examinee is approximated in one of several ways by a well-known compound binomial model. The Bayes estimates of true score may be expressed in terms of the observed score distribution and the distribution of a hypothetical binomial test.…

The question of whether the Black English dialect affects the spelling performance of children who speak Black English is explored in this paper. Evidence is cited from existing research to show that Black English speakers make significantly more dialect-related errors than do non-Black English speakers. The various Black English features which…

It is hypothesized that the use of an empirical indicator of a theoretical construct implies certain epistemic assumptions about the nature of the construct. In this study, the implications of assuming interval level of measurement using various isomorphic monotonically increasing epistemic alternatives to a commonly used occupational status index…

The two experiments investigated stimulus novelty which may affect reward and nonreward in a discrimination learning situation at different ages. The first experiment compared two types of "trial one" stimulus procedures on error tendencies following reward and nonreward. The two procedures differed with respect to novelty effects. One group was…

As a result of findings of a previous study, this study, which sought to program preschool subjects to wait one minute for reinforcement, used pause-building procedures before delay conditions were started. The children, 3- to 5-year-olds, were designated either Baseline (control) subjects (n=3) or Programmed (experimental) subjects (n=5). Though…

Gas flow patterns at a sampling nozzle are described in this presentation for the 12th Conference on Methods in Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene Studies, University of Southern California, April, 1971. Three situations for sampling velocity are illustrated and analyzed, where the flow upstream of a sampling probe is: (1) equal to free stream…

This document is a report on a study of errors in spelling which high school students in 48 states, the District of Columbia, and Canada have made in their writing, with special reference to the words most frequently misspelled, their relative frequency, and the kinds of spelling errors which the student made. An analysis of the different words…

Analysis of the frequency and nature of error and post-error responses in serial choice reaction times of 84 children between 5 and 12 years essentially replicate findings in adults. (Author/MP)

This report is a review of reliability data on the PPVT obtained from 32 research studies published between 1965 and 1974. For average children in the elementary grades, and for retarded people of all ages, PPVT scores remained relatively stable over time and there was close equivalence between alternate forms. (Author)

Some misconceptions about "squares" encountered among college students as they attempt to master appropriate subject matter in preparation for teaching elementary grades are presented. (MN)

Two error analyses (one on consonants and one on vowels) underscore the importance of non-visual cognitive processes in reading. (RL)

The authors analyze student work in solving linear equations, categorize and discuss typical errors, and present resulting implications on instruction. (MN)