The literature is reviewed regarding the difference between planned contrasts, OVA and unplanned contrasts. The relationship between statistical power of a test method and Type I, Type II error rates is first explored to provide a framework for the discussion. The concepts and formulation of contrast, orthogonal and non-orthogonal contrasts are…

The concept of control is fundamental to comparative research. In research designs where randomization of observational units is not possible, control has been exercised statistically from a single covariate by a process of residualization. The alternative, known as subclassification on the propensity score, was developed primarily for…

Statistical power in music education was examined by taking an in-depth look at quantitative articles published in the "Journal of Research in Music Education" between 1987 and 1991, inclusive. Of the 109 articles of the period, 78 were quantitative, with both parametric and nonparametric procedures considered. Sample sizes were those…

To study the problems of secondary schools in the context of the Surrey School District, British Columbia, it was necessary to answer the question of how to overcome secondary school inertia so as to fundamentally alter the organization or practices within it. The primary obstacle was gaining the district Management Committee's support despite its…

This paper describes the strategies used by the Research Department chief of the Cleveland (Ohio) Public Schools to restructure a department beset with staff cuts, district reorganization, and a demoralized staff. The reform movement for accountability is challenging school district research departments to provide timely, meaningful, objective…

The purpose of this review was to examine research designs in studying knowledge utilization. The results are based on 32 studies of knowledge utilization, and the report describes the various types of research designs and their strengths and weaknesses. Survey research methods are appropriate for dealing with either of two aspects of a…

Self-awareness theory has generated considerable research, virtually all of which has been either survey studies or experiments in carefully controlled environments. In an attempt to study the relationship of self-awareness to affect by utilizing an experiential time sampling method, two studies were conducted. In the first, undergraduate…

Polling and comparing the perceptions of principals, office staff, and teachers, the author focuses on the design of his study, which was intended to evaluate behaviors and competencies considered vital to school principals and to cite areas for professional development. Such professional development needs, sought by the large midwestern school…

This book emphasizes the importance of research to the school psychologist. Written in a conversational style, it looks at research as a tool for problem solving and a basis for action rather than as an academic exercise. Research is described as an interaction, a point of contact to get things moving, a different way of seeing a problem. The…

This study was an attempt to determine the nature of the pausing phenomena in oral reading, and whether these phenomena are possible overt features of the verbal processing entailed in reading orally, and also in reading silently, by relating them to the silent and oral reading comprehension abilities of the subjects. (Author)

The focus of this research was on the question of organizational climate tendencies over time. Andrew Halpin and Don Croft developed the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire and some of the more important research questions raised in conjunction with its development were examined. (Author/RK)

Suggests that in publishing educational research results, the minority researcher should seek outlets which have maximum impact on policy implementations and decision making in addition to seeking those outlets which have maximum impact in his community. (Author/AM)

The educational needs of mentally handicapped children in the 'new' day special schools were examined from three major perspectives. (Author/RK)

The implications of the use of historical research in elementary grades are examined. The study of the family as a beginning for a historical research project is suggested. (JR)