The existence of internationally increasing interest in early probability theory training is presented along with the conclusion that Australia is behind other countries in this area. (MN)

Features and tools to outline and shape the long-term learning process for ratio are presented, with examples. Ratio-anticipating activity and creating visual models and schemes are stressed, with the basis for a theory of teaching and learning ratio presented. (MNS)

A discussion of the classic probability hat check problem. The paper shows how the hat check problem can be viewed as a problem about enumerating certain members of the symmetric group of permutations on n symbols, with an ensuing generalization. (PK)

Provides mathematical activities in reproducible formats appropriate for students in grades 7-12. The objective is to practice using area models in analyzing compound situations and calculating the expected value or long-term average. (PK)

The activity uses an area model to analyze probabilities associated with games of chance. Three activity sheets are included, with teaching suggestions. (MNS)

A self-teaching module on queues, dealing with the use of random numbers in the simulation of realistic queueing or waiting-line situations, is described. Both mathematical content and teaching methods are considered. (MNS)

This paper explains how to combine probabilities from discrete distributions, such as probability distributions for nonparametric tests. (Author/BW)

Describes activities which involve a four-step approach for using manipulative materials to develop some fundamental concepts in probability and statistics while using ideas about fractions, ratios, proportion, and percentages as an integral part of problem-solving investigations. Steps include introducing the model, establishing a recording…

Three numerical coefficients for analyzing the validity and reliability of ratings are described. Each coefficient is computed as the ratio of an obtained to a maximum sum of differences in ratings. The coefficients are also applicable to the item analysis, agreement analysis, and cluster or factor analysis of rating-scale data. (Author/BW)

A computer program is presented which simulates the classical probability machine, using Applesoft II high-resolution graphics. Many variables are left to the user's choosing. Suggestions for using the machine, understanding the problem, the mathematical model, and further program documentation are given. (MNS)

Estimation is by means of iterative convergence to maximum likelihood estimates, and two approaches to assessing fit of the model to sample data are discussed. Relation of this general probabilistic model to other, more restricted models is explored and three cases of the general model are applied to exemplary data. (Author/RC)

This book is a guide to the development of mathematical talent in students in grades K through 8. The first chapter is on developing mathematical promise and considers characteristics of students who are mathematically promising, the goals of mathematics instruction, how to find and/or create good problems, models for increasing the numbers and…

In this report, we establish benchmarks of readiness for four common first-year college courses: English Composition, College Algebra, Social Science, and Biology. Using grade data from a large sample of colleges, we modeled the probability of success in these courses as a function of ACT test scores. Success was defined as a course grade of B or…

This paper reports on a mathematics course in an Austrian high school that focuses on probability distributions. Students in this course used a TI-92 during math classes, at home for doing exercises, and during math tests. The TI-92 was used as a tool for calculations and illustrations making the concepts of probability distributions easy to…