A formative evaluation model is proposed for use by administrators of large health services research grant programs. The model assists in assessing the purpose, methodology, and level of analysis of funded research. It is illustrated through a discussion of HIV/AIDS care. (SLD)

In 1991, the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Research Committee established an experiment using electronic mail to create mentoring relationships focusing on library and information science research. Reports on the project design and the experiment's progress to date and includes first-hand accounts of participants'…

This article reviews use of the term "best practice" in special education and suggests that the term is misleading unless measurable criteria have been systematically applied. A proposed definition focuses on the theoretical basis for a procedure, integrity of the research design and extent of replication, consensus with literature, process and…

Regression to the mean (RTM) is often misunderstood. It is demonstrated that artifactual RTM depends fundamentally on the magnitude of measurement error at pretest. Adjustment usually involves estimating the measurement error and determining consequences, but even without adjustment, effects of RTM can be ameliorated. (SLD)

This paper suggests an inexpensive way for encouraging discussions of experimental design and data interpretation for all grade levels. The discussion begins with the presentation of a graph or table from the scientific literature. Questions are then asked in six steps to promote an understanding of the information contained. (PR)

Survey of adult Canadian library users focused on defining "seniors," and determining their awareness of library programing and needs for further programing aimed specifically at older adults. Results indicated that, in an era of fiscal restraint, librarians need to be wary of improving services to seniors at the expense of other…

Issues involved in applying the needs assessment model of the Colorado Social Health Survey to planning and management in Massachusetts are reviewed. The methodology in this special issue provides a new paradigm for mental health needs assessment in general and will be valuable in the Massachusetts plan specifically. (SLD)

A generalized variance criterion is proposed to measure efficiency in item-response-theory (IRT) models. Heuristic arguments are given to formulate the efficiency of a design in terms of an asymptotic generalized variance criterion. Efficiencies of designs for one-, two-, and three-parameter models are compared. (SLD)

A method is suggested to estimate the relationship between a latent trait and one or more manifest predictors without estimating subject parameters. The method, developed for the Rasch model, can be generalized to two-parameter and three-parameter logistic latent trait models. The model is illustrated with simulated and empirical data. (SLD)

Used specific paths in structural equation models to examine reciprocal effects between constructs of polydrug use and relationship quality for 307 young women and 117 young men over 4-year period. Found eight effects for women and six for men from specific measures of drug use that adversely affected aspects of relationship quality. (Author/NB)

A former editor of this journal, 1977-81, selects an outstanding article from his tenure that analyzes the journal's influence on Canadian educational research. Mapping the journal's shifting emphasis over 25 years, the article selected synthesizes central elements shaping the nature of research and examines descriptive, analytic, and…

A methodology is presented for minimizing mean error variance in generalizability studies when resource constraints are imposed. The optimal number of observations and conditions of facets for random model, fully crossed one- and two-facet designs can be decided. Parallel closed form formulas can be determined for other designs. (SLD)

This review addresses several key issues in research on the potential relationship between programing language instruction and problem solving. Issues associated with problem-solving theory, expertise, transfer of training, treatment-related issues, language-related issues, and sampling are considered. Treatment-related and language-related issues…

A Monte Carlo study investigated the use of four cross-validation indices with confirmatory factor analysis models. Influences of sample size, loading size, and degree of model misspecification were studied. Larger sample sizes and better specified models result in better cross-validation results. (SLD)

Reviews the role of statistical significance testing, and argues that dominance of such testing is dysfunctional because significance tests do not provide the information that many researchers assume they do. Possible reasons for the persistence of statistical significance testing are discussed briefly, and ways to moderate negative effects are…