MLISP (meta-LISP) is a high level list-processing and symbol-manipulation language based on the programing language LISP (List Processor). MLISP programs are translated into LISP programs and then executed or compiled. MLISP exists for two purposes: (1) to facilitate the writing and understanding of LISP programs; (2) to remedy certain important…

Presented is a systematic linguistic description of such features as intonation and stress, usually summed up in the phrase "tone of voice." Paying special attention to English, the author has aimed to present as complete a description as possible, and to clarify the theoretical concepts needed to talk precisely about these phenomena. Following…

This grammar deals only with the speech form of Tzotzil currently in use by 65,000 speakers in the area around Huixtan, Chiapas, Mexico. The grammar is framed in terms of a theory which depends upon Pike's hierarchical structures and Lamb's stratificational model. It presents a description of the syntactic component of Tzotzil, with a few…

This paper explains a method of semantic analysis developed in the course of a natural-language research project that led to the computer implementation of the Multistore Parser. Positing an interlinguistic substratum of semantic particles of several different types (e.g. substantive, attributive, developmental, relational), a method is…

A putatively-universal, deep-semantic and -syntactic representation of motion and location is presented. The most characteristic patterns for deriving this representation to the surface in English on the one hand and in Atsugewi (a Hokan Indian language) on the other are then presented and compared. (Author)

The present study analyzes the "ing" forms that follow deictic verbs of movement, including "go,""come,""take,""bring," and "carry." Many examples are given to support the theory that the "ing" forms are not verbs or nouns, but rahter adverbials and that these adverbials are members of a class that refers to activities characterized by certain…

There presently exists an ongoing debate in teacher education concerning the terms "competency-based,""performance-based," and "proficiency-directed." A closer examination of the meanings of these words suggests useful relationships among these terms rather than conflicts. The word "competent" denotes adequacy, suitability, and sufficiency while…

This study examined the extent of children's awareness of the semantic subtleties of the word "promise" and their comprehension of sentences following an atypical syntactic pattern using "promise" as the main verb. Subjects included children within three months of being six-and-one-half, eight-and-one-half, nine-and-one-half, and ten-and-one-half…

A series of studies on young children's use of the terms "same" and "different" are reported. The work began from the observation that young children could respond correctly to instructions involving "same" but were often incorrect in response to "different". This finding was replicated under a variety of experimental conditions and found to be…

Language development in preschool children was studied using pairs of pictures with three types of verbal elaboration formed for each pair. After a training trial thirty children listened to one of three types of elaboration (simple sentence, compound or complex sentence, and paragraph). They were asked to name the corresponding response item.…

The measurement of interlingual distance (how far removed one language is from another) is both possible and feasible; and it can be computed in different ways. The difference between the codes of the two languages can be measured by one technique and the differences in samples of discourse by another. The samples may be measured as static…

The purpose of this research was to investigate developmental changes in encoding processes. It attempted to determine the extent to which children of varying ages utilize semantic (denotative or connotative) and acoustical encoding categories in a short-term memory task. It appears to be a reasonable assumption that as associational hierarchies…

To assess the meanings ascribed to nine concepts thought to be foremost in the planning and implementation of the Georgia Governor's Honors Program, Osgood's semantic differential technique was employed. This appendix provides a copy of the Staff Semantic Differential. (For related documents, see TM 002 391-393, 395-399.) (DB)

The impact of the program on student judgments of significant Governor's Honors Program concepts was measured by a semantic differential administered approximately a week into the program and then again less than a week before its conclusion. The Student Semantic Differential form is provided in this appendix. (For related documents, see TM 002…

Norms of free association to common ambiguous English words are reported. Responses were categorized on the basis of sense relevance. On this basis, the sense dominance of the words was quantified, and the degree of ambiguity associated with each word estimated by the information measure U. This publication will be of interest primarily to…