An examination of the predicates "optional" and "obligatory" is made that suggests that they are far more appropriately viewed as derived rather than primitive notions, whose appropriate attributions follow in all cases from independent linguistic facts and principles of a much more general and more generally significant character. (Author/HP)

The performative analysis claims that every sentence we utter refers to our utterance of it, and has a higher performative clause of the form "I plus Verb plus You." This paper deals with data that have been used to support this analysis, and shows that they do not confirm it. (CHK)

Examines summaries of expository text written by undergraduate students to discover the nature of text-to-summary mapping. Finds that simple omission and one-to-one mapping of text sentences into summary sentences were the most favored strategies. (FL)

Presents a structural definition of the basic sentence unit, and suggests some guidelines for teaching this material. This concept of "X-word Grammar" has proven to be very helpful to students encountering difficulty with the concept of a sentence. (SL)

Identifies the characteristics of clear references to explain why certain kinds of broad pronoun reference are clear while others are not. (HTH)

From analyses of the production and comprehension of prenominal adjectives, it is argued that processing strategies for syntax are not qualitatively different from other cognitive processing strategies. (Editor)

The factors of vowel consonant ratio and sentence length were examined to determine their relationship to the lipreading ability of 20 normal and 20 hearing impaired adults Ss. (Author/SBH)

Parts 1-3 appeared in "Russisch," v7 n2-4 1973. (DD)

First part of a continued article. (SK)

Syntactical aspects and semantic classification of adverbial modality in German; part one of a continuing series. (RS)

Data were gathered on field trips from June 1968 to March 1972, under the auspices of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. (VM)