Twenty preschoolers and 10 student teachers were asked to reconstruct the complete layout of their classroom by using a small-scale model as well as by using life-size furniture in the classroom itself. Children's performances were significantly better in the classroom than they were on the model. (Author/MP)

Investigated attitude differences between Black female secondary students identified as potential dropouts who persisted and earned a diploma and those identified as potential dropouts who did drop out without earning a diploma. Results are provided for attitudes related to teachers, peers, school work, and school in general. (JN)

A technique for evaluating the relationship between game statistics and outcomes of contests is proposed. The technique can be used to determine the relationship between selected game factors and winning or to determine how often various results of certain instances of play occur in a contest. (PP)

Examined the effect of coaching on leaderless group discussion performance. Female undergraduates (N=36) participated in six-person assigned role leaderless group discussions. Results showed that students in the full coaching conditions were rated significantly higher than students in the errant or naive conditions. (Author)

Examined if making group goals of decision acceptance and quality explicit versus leaving them unstated would influence the decision-making effectiveness of male and female interacting groups. Explicitly stating that group members should strive for acceptance increased group decision-making quality and increased individual acceptance of the group…

Hypothesized that high self-preoccupation (SP) subjects would perceive negative feedback as more negative and positive feedback as more positive than low SP persons. Results indicated high SP persons distorted all feedback; subjects who received negative feedback first showed higher evaluation to both positive and negative feedback. (Author/RC)

Evaluated effects of perceived choice upon comprehension and memory of prose reading passages. Compared choice and no choice conditions with young and elderly adults and only elderly groups. Results indicated both age- and vocabulary-related deficits. However, perceived choice conditions did not produce any consistent improvement in performance.…

Reports on a study that focused on the retrieval strategies and effort allocation at the time of retrieval and adult subjects' corresponding satisfaction with task performance in the presence or absence of a specified criterion. (HOD)

Discusses the roles played by student evaluations of teacher performance in the instructional design process; reviews issues related to their use; and outlines suggestions for the construction, administration, and analysis of the questionnaire data by the instructional development consultant. (Author/JJD)

Younger (age 20-35) veterans showed better performance on learning and psychomotor tasks than did older (age 55-70) veterans. Positive attitudes toward aging, and greater life satisfaction were associated with better performance on the behavioral tasks in the older group. Results suggest age-related behavior may be related to psychosocial…

Percentage of body fat, ratings of perceived exertion, and maximal oxygen consumption were obtained during a continuous running treadmill test on 127 high school female cross country runners. The relatively low relationships between the variables tested and running performance indicated that other factors may be more important determinants of…

Examined the view that White examiners impair the intelligence-test performance of Black children. Research literature clearly refutes the existence of race-of-examiner effects and indicates Black children's performance is not enhanced by examinations in Black dialect. Reasons for the persistence of the race-of-examiner myth are discussed. (Author)

When the mathematics and extended range vocabulary subtests on the Relief Format Assessment Test were factor analyzed, altitude estimation (predicted by mathematics aptitude) and terrain analysis (predicted by vocabulary skills) were found to underly map-reading performance. Solutions were found to be dependent on verbal-analytic ability more than…

A study was conducted that investigated the relative importance of sex, social class background, high school grades, aptitude test scores, high school racial composition, high school curriculum, and study habits as determinants of college grade performance. (APM)

Compared performance of high- and low-education adults on traditional and meaningful space and reasoning measures. Separate analyses of variance for reasoning and space revealed main effects for education and age on both abilities. Results indicated highly educated older people performed more like their younger peers. (Author/JAC)