Reports results of 2 studies concerning mother-infant separation from the maternal perspective. In the first study, 620 mothers responded to questionnaires from which 3 subscales were labeled. In the second study, 36 women were assessed. Results supported the validity of the questionnaire and the construct. (RJC)

Studies 174 mother-infant dyads to determine the relation between 3-month-old infant, mother, and mother-infant interaction behavior and later attachment behavior. Individual infant differences in sociability at 3 months were found to be related to avoidant behavior and A-type attachment. (RJC)

An analysis of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire, a multidimensional, sport-specific measure of individual differences in achievement orientation, indicates that it is a valid and reliable measure of individual sport achievement orientation. (JD)

Presents a brief summary of the transformation of a single fertilized ovum into a multi-celled human. Discusses the similarities and differences of identical and non-identical twins. Cites twin pairs that do not neatly fit the monozygotic or dizygotic schemes of human development. (RT)

This study, which brought together various perspectives on separation and individuation processes during late adolescence and young adulthood, found significant associations with sex, age, and marital status for the factors of connectedness, competence, and emotional autonomy. Cluster analyses identified several empirically distinct and…

A development study involving 498 supervisors and a series of validity studies involving 531 adults identified primary dimensions, psychometric characteristics, and construct validation evidence for internal ability, internal propensity, and external propensity as domain-specific measures of feedback. Theoretical and practical extensions of the…

Reviews some findings obtained through comparisons of dyslexic readers with nondyslexic readers matched by chronological or reading age. Notes some of the problems and pitfalls associated with this approach. Explores the potential of other group comparisons when examining sources of reading difficulty, and discusses individual differences within…

Examines research into the various factors affecting the frequency and complexity of dramatic play. Lists and elaborates on those factors, which include the child's maturity; social and cultural settings; teacher intervention in play; children's individual differences; children's familiarity with and security in play surroundings; and presence or…

Provides a basis from which to critically examine contemporary identity research, by offering a definition of identity, a constructive criticism of the subject approach, and an empirical approach to studying sense of identity. The empirical approach is based on conceptually sound ideas and leads to important questions about identity modes and the…

Explored student and classroom factors that place children at risk for referral to special education. One teacher-nominated at-risk student and one teacher-nominated not-at-risk student were observed in each of 24 regular primary education classrooms. Results indicated significant differences between at-risk students and their peers on academic…

Discusses two philosophies of reading instruction--the measurably stated objective philosophy and the idea-centered reading curriculum philosophy. Suggests that, whatever philosophy is used to teach reading, teachers need to guide each student to achieve optimally in reading and that individual differences in reading achievement need adequate…

Of five approaches to studying older workers (chronological/legal, functional, psychosocial, organizational, and life span), the life-span approach accommodates individual differences in career patterns. Middle-age and older adult workers need to be considered as individuals in terms of career choices and employment policies. (SK)

The Paideia School Model was inspired by philosopher Mortimer Adler's belief in a high-quality, single-track, liberal arts education to prepare students for work, citizenship, and lifelong learning. This article describes how Chattanooga (Tennessee) parents and educators worked to develop and implement a holistic, rigorous Paideia curriculum. (MLH)

A theory of personality is proposed to reconcile paradoxical findings on the invariance of personality and the variability of behavior across situations. Individuals are assumed to differ in the accessibility of cognitive-affective mediating units and the organizations of the interactions of these units and situations. (SLD)

A modal model of information processing was defined, and nine tasks that could be completed by persons with mental retardation were developed to operationalize the model. Results showed that individual differences in higher mental processes are highly dependent on basic cognitive abilities and can be predicted from them. (Author/JDD)