This proposal for effective educational change is concerned primarily with the establishment of more appropriate systems for structuring the educational process in Europe following the developments in educational philosophy during the 1960s. Designed specifically to apply to the educational system in Norway but based on principles applicable to…

Structural convergence theory seeks to determine whether as nations industrialize they move toward common ways of organizing, arranging, and defining the institutional subsystems in their social structures. A related concern is whether the characteristics of these institutional subsystems themselves promote or retard convergence. National…

The development of nursing and nursing education in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is described. Professionalization accompanied by feminization in nursing, as in teaching, librarianship, and social work, opened opportunities to middle class women for respectable employment and sometimes prestige and…

The present paper updates the World Bank's interpetation of education development and outlines a policy framework for lending for education. After chapters on the relationship between education and development and on the state of education development, the paper devotes a chapter to each of five issues: the expansion and equalization of…

A portrait of future North American society is painted, and the role of formal education within that society discussed. The importance of adaptability as a means to meet the needs of a changing society is stressed. Open education and an increased attention to cultural pluralism within the educational structure are encouraged, and a discussion of…

On every continent and in virtually every sovereign nation, rural people are not nearly as well served by educational programs as their fellow countrymen who reside in urban centers. Those persons in governmental agencies who seek solutions to the problems of rural education are confronted by scattered student populations, hostile geography,…

The linkage between formal education and the development efforts of third world nations is examined. Consideration is given to the fields in which education may be most helpful, such as social, political, and cultural. The extent to which the development of education itself is a part of the total national development effort is also discussed. A…

The four articles in this volume address themselves to issues in the teaching of English for science and technology (EST). H.G. Widdowson, in "EST in Theory and Practice," argues that teaching that is not informed by a functional approach to language can oversimplify pedagogical problems. "Designing English for Science and…

This report documents the development of educational television (ETV) and a satellite communication system designed to serve the educational and communication needs of Iran. An overview description of an ETV system for Iran and assessment of its importance for Iran's development is followed by estimates of the manpower needs of the country in…

This annotated bibliography on parents and schools is divided into sections on parents' opinions and knowledge of schools, communication between parent and school, parent involvement in education, community involvement in school decision-making and planning, and legal issues. (JL)

Cao Thanh Tung reports on a one month Seminar/Workshop on Planning for the Use of Educational Broadcast Media for National Development, which was sponsored by UNESCO and held in South Viet Nam in June 1974. The seminar placed emphasis on the importance of integrating educational media technology into programs for educational change, rather than…

The educational policy of the British Labor Party stresses the provision of quality education regardless of social class background. In a time of downward economic spiral, the Labor Party is committed to education for social justice through the redistribution of resources and research priorities, as well as the reorganization of the educational…

This document summarizes the experiences and results of four years (1972-1975) of work in nonformal education in Ecuador. The project grew out of informal discussions in 1970 between several members of the Center for International Education at the University of Massachusetts and a group of Ecuadoreans and Americans in the USAID mission in Quito.…

The document on occupational clusters was developed from papers presented in staff seminars in the Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education and contains eight papers: Introduction to the World of Clustering, Sidney C. High; Cluster Curriculum Development, Elizabeth J. Simpson; the Cluster Concept, Development of Curricular Materials for the…

The three essays in this discussion paper present ways of structuring the concept of non-formal education. "Toward a Contextual Definition of Non-Formal Education" isolates three primary sub-systems: organizational, human, and curricular. Within these subsets non-formal education is differentiated from formal education by a more loosely…