This survey of Association of Research Libraries (ARL) members gathered data on library support staff classification specifications in ARL libraries, the process for classifying these positions, and salary and title comparisons with similar positions outside of the library. It also asked when the last classification study was performed within the…

This paper examines trends in second language communication strategies (CSs), explaining that when language learners concentrate on form or accuracy, they encounter problems, and when they recognize the mismatch between their linguistic resources and communicative intentions, they try to solve these problems using CSs (e.g., appeals for help,…

Using data from a survey of more than 1,900 first-year students at a large research institution, this study applied J.L. Holland's theory of personality and environment to examine the ways in which students view diversity. Holland categories, individual characteristics such as race and gender and interactions with people of color before college…

Greater learning can be promoted by delivering information through a variety of media and through the use of interactive applications. In this paper, the effect of information technology on learning is seen as a function of how well interactive technologies support a specific model of learning and how appropriate that model is to the learning…

A method of item pool design is proposed that uses an optimal blueprint for the item pool calculated from the test specifications. The blueprint is a document that specifies the attributes that the items in the computerized adaptive test (CAT) pool should have. The blueprint can be a starting point for the item writing process, and it can be used…

This paper presents a reasoning taxonomy to explain reasoning objectives, strategies, and habits available to the advanced thinker. It begins by explaining the first part of the taxonomy, objectives of reasoning, including the need for skilled thinkers to reason with a purpose and to understand how the world works so that they can engage with it.…

This paper describes the feedback included in operational achievement level setting (ALS) procedures for the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). It does not describe the feedback form field trials, pilot studies, or other research studies related to the NAEP. The NAEP ALS process includes three rounds of item-by-item ratings, and…

The interest in graphic information has increased explosively and is explored through various communication networks like the Internet and the audiovisual media. Art libraries, museums, cultural centers, and art foundations manage and store a lot of images in several departments and in print and digital formats. This paper discusses the cataloging…

Language learning strategies (LLS), here defined as specific actions or mental procedures that assist in fulfilling language learning goals, have attracted increasing attention as one of the factors that impact second language acquisition. A key reason for their appeal is that language learning strategies can be manipulated to an extent that most…

There has been recently an increased interest in educational legislation. The school administrator and the student of educational systems now turn for information and help to legal provisions as they turn to statistics or to the opinions of experienced schoolmen. Accompanied with this new interest in educational legislation have been increased…

In October 19, at the request of the Board of Education in the District of Columbia, the Bureau of Education made a preliminary survey of the schools of the District and reported to the board a plan for the reorganization of the administrative and teaching forces of the schools, including a schedule of salaries. It confined itself wholly to the…

School insurance programs often present major problems in school administration. School insurance of various types is one means of preventing or limiting financial loss from property damage or the claims of individuals for injury or damage payments. In varying degrees the States have delegated to certain local administrative school units and/or…

Distinctions were made between three classes of statistical linkage: equivalence, concordance, and prediction. These distinctions were based on rational content considerations and empirical statistical relationships. A large database involving SAT I and ACT scores was used to determine which type of linkage was best suited for different scores and…

Interest in technical education of the higher order has been greatly increased by the European war, and as a consequence numerous inquiries have been received at the Bureau of Education with regard to the higher technical schools of foreign countries. These inquiries relate in the main to the organization and conduct of the foreign schools, their…

Because of the individual authority of each State for its own educational program, practices and policies differ widely among them in many respects. Yet in the midst of differences there are also common elements of development. The U. S. Office of Education, in presenting this series of monographs, has attempted to point out those common elements,…