To become effective communicators, school leaders must acquire numerous skills, including understanding and practicing communication as a two-way process, aligning the three communication codes (language, paralanguage, and nonverbal messages) to ensure clarity of meaning, and selecting appropriate communication channels to enhance message impact.…

Describes a linguistic technique that treats the clause as the unit of analysis and produces a quantitative description representing both the interrelations among words and their classification into meaning categories. Discusses the advantages of this method over qualitative and computer-aided approaches to content analysis. Contains 41…

Defines HyperText Markup Language (HTML) as it relates to the World Wide Web (WWW). Describes steps needed to create HTML files on a UNIX system and to make them accessible via the WWW. Presents a list of basic HTML formatting codes and explains the coding used in the author's personal HTML file. (JMV)

Presents new methods for compressing bit matrices in large information retrieval systems which exploit possible correlations between rows of words and columns of documents. Three encoding methods are tested and compared--Shannon-Fano, arithmetic, and Huffman--and an appendix discusses binomial coefficients. (20 references) (LRW)

Presents a simple scheme, based on formal categories, for coding stylistic variation in the early lexicon. When applied to the first 50 and 100 words of 12 children between 0;11 and 2;3, the major dimensions of difference are found to be the relative proportion of common nouns and the relative proportion of frozen phrases. (31 references) (GLR)

Proposes a scheme of hierarchical piecewise linear approximation as an adaptive image pyramid. A progressive image coder comes naturally from the proposed image pyramid. The new pyramid is semantically more powerful than regular tessellation but syntactically simpler than free segmentation. This compromise between adaptability and complexity…

Two rule-based (truncation and contraction) abbreviation expansion encoding methods and 1 non-rule-based (random) method were evaluated for learning curve and retrieval speed with 66 adults. The truncation method resulted in faster retrieval than the other two methods. Results have implications for training users of augmentative communication…

Coding tasks, a valuable technique for teaching English as a Second Language, are presented that enable students to look at patterns and structures of marital communication as well as objectively evaluate the degree of happiness or distress in the marriage. (seven references) (JL)

Discusses the history of different methods of representing numbers and how these representations facilitated counting and computing devices such as the abacus. (MDH)

Results from a study in which 25 deaf children and 25 hearing children completed a vocabulary test and a compound stimulus visual information task support the hypothesis that performance on cognitive tasks is dependent on compatibility of task demands with a coding orientation. (SLD)

Three experiments involving 107 adults who performed mental rotation tasks explored how location information is incorporated into image representation. Results suggest that image is coded retinotopically in image representations and that there is no spatiotropic transform in the early stages of visual processing. (SLD)

Two experiments involving 12 college students suggest that the visual system codes the temporal relationship between stimuli that occur in close temporal contiguity and that the temporal code determines performance in tasks requiring temporal integration. Potential extension to other visual phenomena is discussed. (SLD)

Features a question that focuses on the use of cryptology to teach modes. (ASK)

Explores what might be the optimal query expansion (QE) processing method with semantically coded thesauri. Examines whether QE via semantically coded thesauri terminology is more effective in the "automatic" or "interactive" processing environment. Results revealed that synonyms and partial synonyms and narrower terms are…

Evaluated the contribution of rule, exemplar, fragment, and episodic knowledge in artificial grammar learning using memorization versus hypothesis testing training tasks in 5 experiments involving a total of 163 college students. There was no evidence that memorization led to abstraction of rules or encoding of whole exemplars. Results support an…