This article focuses on the importance of affective outcomes, the definition of the affective side of the schooling experience, and the measurement of the impact of instruction on the affective reactions of pupils. (Author)

Attempts to define exactly what is meant by appreciation of literature. (MB)

Drew conceptual distinctions between the constructs of communication apprehension and shyness. Examined, in two studies, measures of these constructs in terms of their relationship and independence. Found that communication apprehension and shyness measures are empirically distinct from each other. (PD)

The issue of defining learning disability is considered. Important recent trends in research are reviewed with regard to: intellectual skills, academic retardation, neurological and behavioral dysfunction, and cognitive and interactive processes. Current intervention methods are also briefly described. Available from: Journal of Pediatrics, C.V.…

Identifies current issues in argumentation by reviewing writings in "JAFA," a scholarly journal with an argumentation focus. Also examines seven recent undergraduate texts in terms of their treatment of those issues. (PD)

Presents a breakdown of spending from 1971 to 1980 by the U.S. Department of Education (and its predecessor, the Education Division of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) on educational technology research, development, and demonstrations and on support for purchase of equipment and facilities. A reference list is included.…

Calls for redefinition of the "Black middle class," based on (1) measurement of Blacks and Whites by uniform criteria, and (2) consideration of a group's relationship to the means of production. Stresses the need for research on the role of structural factors in the development of racial and class consciousness. (Author/GC)

Nine definitions of minimum competency testing (MCT) found in the literature are examined, with major issues for policymakers to consider as they make decisions whether MCT will serve the goals and purposes of their testing programs. Perceived benefits and costs and criticisms based on implementation procedures are discussed. (Author/CM)

Introduces performance technology as a field of application for training professionals. The term "performance technology" is defined and explained, the epistemological foundations of performance technology are outlined, the relevance of performance technology to training and human development is described, and myths about performance…

Suggests that many of the forces which are resulting in declining enrollments in history courses originate outside the discipline and will not be affected much by remedies attempted by historians. The essay also argues that traditional historical practice will survive the current crisis if its unique identity, values, and functions are reaffirmed.…

Discusses needs assessment as a problem-focusing strategy and examines several definitions of need. Considers five purposes for assessing needs, and presents six guiding principles for the work of a needs assessment team. (RC)

Provides a basis for colleges and universities to develop regulations sanctioning hazing. Describes the types of activities that have caused death. Presents state laws and discusses the legal context leading to civil or criminal liability. (RC)