This study is intended to analyze the impact of online and offline mixed teaching methods for university students due to COVID-19. The study was conducted when the government relaxed the restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 period. So, the questionnaire was created using Google Forms and then 550 Questionnaires were distributed via email. On…

Teacher evaluation systems and their associated incentives have produced fairly mixed results. Our analyses are motivated by theory and descriptive evidence that accountability systems are highly racialized, and that individuals are less likely to respond to incentives when they have low expectations of success (and vice versa). Using a regression…

Teacher evaluation systems and their associated incentives have produced fairly mixed results. Our analyses are motivated by theory and descriptive evidence that accountability systems are highly racialized, and that individuals are less likely to respond to incentives when they have low expectations of success (and vice versa). Using a regression…

Background: Existing studies show mixed results of the effectiveness of CBT for people with learning disabilities and anxiety. Method: A CBT group was run for people with learning disabilities and anxiety, who attended with a supporter. Qualitative interviews were conducted post-group and analysed using thematic analysis. Standardised…

To understand examinee motivation, researchers have used expectancy-value theory, which posits that examinee's perceived value of the test and self-efficacy in the test domain impact test-taking effort. Conclusions from studies designed to examine these relations may be premature given methodological issues, most notably, use of cross-sectional…

When deciding whether to explore, agents must consider both their need for information and its cost. Do children recognize that exploration reflects a trade-off between action costs and expected information gain, inferring epistemic states accordingly? In two experiments, 4- and 5-year-olds (N = 144; of diverse race and ethnicity) judge that an…

Course design institutes (CDIs), which systematically guide faculty through the (re)design of courses, often transpire in an intensive residency or learning community format. Little is known, to date, of the long-term impact of such initiatives, particularly in the context of faculty motivation. This longitudinal study explores changes in faculty…

This research aimed to lay bare pre-service teachers' experience of History and Philosophy of Science courses. Being a phenomenological design, this research has 19 pre-service teachers (age range 19-22 years; 10 male, 9 female) in its research group. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data for the study. Seven open-ended questions…

The ability to learn from expectations is foundational to social and nonsocial learning in children. However, we know little about the brain basis of reward expectation in development. Here, 3- to 4-year-olds (N = 26) were shown a passive associative learning paradigm with dynamic stimuli. Anticipation for reward-related stimuli was measured via…

This article presents the results of our analysis of a sample of 254 Calculus I final exams (collectively containing 4,167 individual items) administered at U.S. colleges and universities. We characterize the specific meanings of foundational concepts the exams assessed, identify features of exam items that assess productive meanings, distinguish…

Keeping students motivated during an introductory computer programming can be a challenging task. Looking at its varied complexities, many students who are introduced to computer programming for the first time can easily become demotivated. This work looks at the value-expectancy motivational model of student learning and presents our experiences…

Novelty is a potent driver of learning, but little is known about whether anticipation of novelty can enhance memory for incidental information. Here, participants incidentally encountered objects while they actively navigated toward novel or previously familiarized virtual rooms. Across immediate and delayed surprise memory tests, participants…

Although Latinx parents' perceptions of the climate of their children's schools may play a role in their children's academic adjustment, research examining this idea is sparse. Every 2 years beginning when children were in fifth grade (M[subscript age] = 10.86 years) until they were in 11th grade, Mexican-origin mothers (N = 674) reported on their…

Attributing negative categories such as 'weak' to pupils is a common practice in Sweden and a known phenomenon worldwide. While there has been a substantial amount of research on different expressions of 'deviance' in the educational arena, the research on how teachers communicate about pupils as 'weak' is scarce. In this study, teachers'…

Expectancy Value Theory (EVT) is a prominent theory on student motivation. To add to the growing research in this area, we investigated students within a large, mandatory course outside of the STEM areas, to examine perceptions of success utilizing an EVT lens. The aim of our study was twofold. First, to examine students' open-ended responses…