In the current qualitative research study, we focused on understanding the ecological systems, contexts, behaviors, and strategies of parents (N = 435) advocating for their children with an intellectual and developmental disability diagnosis, specifically Down syndrome (DS). Based on the data analysis, parents of children with DS advocate for…

Math anxiety -- negative feelings towards math -- is hypothesized to be associated with the avoidance of math-related activities such as taking math courses and pursuing STEM careers. Surprisingly, however, there is little experimental evidence for the math anxiety- avoidance link. Such evidence is important for formulating how to break this…

This study sought to investigate whether there were performance differences between the children who engaged with the Ignite by Hatch™ educational gaming system using the English- or Spanish-language versions of the games. Differential item functioning methods (DIF) were employed to investigate these differences. Specifically, DIF analyses can…

The present study explored (a) whether differences between students with and without ADHD in reading comprehension are explained by their executive functions, and (b) the unique and shared contribution of the various executive functions to reading comprehension ability. To address these questions, ninety-six adolescents with and without ADHD…

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the length of attention in 2-year-olds across three teaching conditions. A total of 49 2-year-olds were observed within their childcare classrooms. The child's regular classroom teacher was asked to select three highly preferred toys to use in offering the child choices within the teaching…

Former literature found that various 'different' students experience exclusion and rejection by their peers in schools. This may be linked with the attitudes that their school and classmates hold towards them. Identifying someone as 'Other' may indeed result in prejudicial attitudes which, in turn, can lead to his/her marginalisation and…

Professional identity has a significant impact on teachers' interpretation of their different roles and their understanding of how to perform these roles. This study aimed to explore mathematics and science teachers' perceptions of the factors influencing their teacher professional identity within three dimensions: teaching efficacy, teaching…

Self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) among elementary school children is of interest because pupils' self-regulation capacities and SRE influence in managing learning situations. This study investigated variations in the four sources of SRE and how these variations were related to SRE, reading skills and arithmetic skills. The participants were 1284…

This longitudinal study with time-serial data examines for the first time whether different types of intraindividual variation in second language (L2) performance and cognitive functioning are related, and how and when they influence L2 development longitudinally in older adulthood. We analyzed the L2 development of 26 German-speaking adults aged…

This study was to asses pre-service teachers' perception of thinking, acting and living (TAL) from 21st century skills. The participants who have filled out this questionnaire were 321 pre-service teachers, consisting of 38 men and 283 women from a population of 403 pre-service teachers of mathematics, biology, physics and chemistry. The goodness…

The skill of spatial learning and orientation is fundamental in humans and differs widely among individuals. Despite its importance, however, the malleability of this skill through practice has scarcely been studied empirically, in contrast to psychometric spatial ability. Thus, this article examines the possibility of improving the accuracy of…

This study investigated factors that are associated with the creative motor skills of young children. We recruited through random sampling 233 typically developing children attending preschool or kindergarten in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. We administered a "General Information Form" to gather the children's demographic characteristics and…

The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the scientific literacy levels among the government secondary school science students of district Lahore. Proportionate stratified random sampling and purposive sampling were used for selection of 16 government secondary schools comprised of seven boys' and nine girls' schools of district…

Annually, approximately 27% of early childhood care and education professionals turnover, or leave their positions or the field, which may negatively impact quality in two ways. First, continuity is disrupted when teachers leave, severing important relationship bonds among teachers, children, and families. Second, professionals who are considering…

Respecting individual differences among students and meeting their unique needs may be one of the greatest challenges faced by teachers. When having a heterogeneous group of students, teachers need to consider a variety of instructional methods. The literature details a large number of teaching strategies supported by research findings, and the…