Investigates Korean and U.S. college students' scientific reasoning skills involving hypothesis-testing skills and tests the hypothesis that hypothesis-testing skills are more advanced than other scientific reasoning skills. The study involves (n=774) Korean and (n=568) U.S. students and uses the Test of Scientific Reasoning (TSR). (Contains 24…

Discusses the complement and predicate (or adjunct) short clauses (SCs) in active transitive verb structures. Published Spanish literature is reviewed and evaluated, Spanish SC surface structure (SS) is described, an argument is presented against SS restructuring in Spanish, and analyses of several hypotheses are provided. (GLR)

The nonparametric hypothesis-testing model of M. L. Puri and P. K. Sen (1969, 1985) circumvents concerns regarding the inapplicability of nonparametric statistics outside simple cases and the lack of pertinent computer programs. The breadth and flexibility of the model are illustrated with several examples. (TJH)

Tested hypothesis that spouses' shared leisure time is form of pleasurable interaction that strengthens attachment between them and helps prevent marital dissolution. Empirical tests supported attachment hypothesis and suggest that, because couples with children have less shared leisure time, children can contribute to marital dissolution as well…

A model is proposed for empirically testing the appropriateness of using tetrachoric correlations for a set of dichotomous variables. A testing method is proposed that uses information from trivariate marginal tables. Assumptions are tested with real and simulated data. (SLD)

Empirically reviewed Israeli probation officer's recommendation in his investigation report concerning offenders between the ages of 18 and 21, studying factors influencing officer's recommending probation versus refraining from probation recommendation. Tested four models: diagnostic-rehabilitation, prognostic-public defense, organizational, and…

A method of creating linear statistical models that incorporate assumptions implied by hypotheses is described and demonstrated by testing analysis of covariance type hypotheses in the presence of non-parallel regression lines. (SLD)

Describes research that empirically tested the effects of presentation format, time, pressure, and task complexity on decision performance. The objective was to determine the most effective presentation format (i.e., graphics or tables) for the performance of tasks of varying capabilities by decision makers under time pressure. (Author/LRW)

Two theories of children's household labor participation (child socialization or the need for household labor) involving 1,352 families from the 1988 National Survey of Families and Households find support for both, with more confirmation for the pragmatic (labor needed) aspects. Children's efforts represent about 12 percent of all household…

Describes a citation analysis that was performed to explore the extent and nature of the contributions of linguistic theory to information science research from 1950 to 1984. Quantitative and qualitative assessments are discussed, hypotheses tested are described, and recent developments in linguistic theory are addressed. (38 references) (LRW)

Corrects an error in the calculation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic when it is used to empirically confirm or deny the generalized Lotka's law. Examples from the literature are given of both correct and incorrect uses of the KS test and Lotka equations with cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). (six references) (LRW)

Piaget's last two works may add a new level of coherence and generality to his theories, which are grounded in an insight about the interdependence of reality and knowledge about reality. Piaget expanded Kant's epistemology to encompass three systems operating in the frames of biology, psychology, and culture. (MDM)

An approximate statistical test is derived for the hypothesis that the intraclass reliability coefficients associated with two measurement procedures are equal. Control of Type 1 error is investigated by comparing empirical sampling distributions of the test statistic with its derived theoretical distribution. A numerical illustration is…

Assessed hypothesis testing strategies of 65 counseling trainees who viewed and responded to videotaped client-counselor interaction for both client-identified and counselor self-generated hypothesis about client's problem. Results for client-identified hypotheses failed to support strong neutral hypothesis testing strategy or predicted…

Discussion of computer-mediated communication (CMC) focuses on a study that examined the similarity between computer bulletin board users' perceptions of individuals from whom they received messages and the users' perceptions of the computer itself. Hypotheses tested are explained, mechanomorphism is discussed, and implications of the findings for…