This document reports the activities of a workshop to describe and implement a planning, programing, budgeting system (PPBS) in the Beverly Hills Unified School District. During the workshop, the literature and the legal provisions were reviewed, the initial planning was accomplished, the program structured, and the goals identified. Further…

Current practices of planning-programing-budgeting systems in educational organizations have been criticized because they impose objectives, emphasize hierarchical control, and foster unproductive climates. A new method, organizational development, makes effective use of human behavior and when used with PPBS could provide an efficient system for…

This report describes some programs that attempt to raise the quality of school buildings without raising the cost of building them. Educational changes have required new sets of spaces in schoolhouses, whose specifications could only be met by changes in building technology and in construction management. This triumvirate of change emerged in the…

Network-based management procedures serve as valuable aids in organizational management, achievement of objectives, problem solving, and decisionmaking. Network techniques especially applicable to educational management systems are the program evaluation and review technique (PERT) and the critical path method (CPM). Other network charting…

To improve education, creative alternatives to existing practices must be developed. Instructional technology offers promise, but its potential can be made use of fully only within a systems approach, applied both to improving structures of education and instructional processes. The systems approach can plan a system of instruction which has all…

Selected aspects and results of an interdisciplinary research and education program to examine the potential and problems associated with the use of communication satellites to help meet educational needs in the United States are summarized. The progress of the program to date in four major areas is described: needs analysis, communications…

Suggested is a learning systems approach designed to be consistent with the objectives and scope of developmental psychology and yet sophisticated and appropriate enough to fit the unique demands of early childhood education. Identified are eight contingencies for learning that any educational system must possess. Added to these are features…

The basic question under examination is the underlying force that brings forth changes in cultural and social organizations. By employing general system theory and communication systemic analysis, the author concludes that communication, especially human communication, is the main vehicle of change. Human interchange, it is suggested, is constant…

The 40-week Instructor-Counselor program, jointly sponsored by Cleveland State University College of Education and Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland, Ohio, was designed to prepare instructor-tutor-counselors for work with underachieving/disadvantaged first- and second-year college students. The objectives of the program focused on the…

The dilemma articulated in small group and en masse discussions produced the theme, "Through a Glass, Darkly," for the 1971-1972 edition of "Classroom Practices." This document is a collection of essays espousing various methods of teaching English. One predominant concern of all English teachers is the issue of priorities in education. English…

The purpose of this paper is to present a practical model for maintenance of organizational communication systems through the use of effective appraisal systems. The paper includes a detailed definition of organizational communication, an identification of the components of a communication appraisal system appropriate to such definition, a…

The implementation of a planning-programing-budgeting system (PPBS) of educational management has implications for teachers, legislators, and taxpayers, as well as for administrators. Teachers have a major responsibility for instructional improvement that can be accomplished by their writing behavioral objectives and planning instructional…

This report explores the pros and cons of the PPBS management tool. It gives specific examples from school systems and describes steps in each element of PPBS, stressing (1) planning to involve everyone in formulation of instructional and noninstructional goals, (2) programing to give every school program an accomplishment that can be measured…

This report submitted by Advocate Team No. 1 to the U.S. Office of Education, Division of Research and Development Resources (formerly Division of Manpower and Institutions) presents a proposed evaluation system for R&D institutions and programs. It includes: (1) an organizational framework within which the evaluation system could function; (2)…

This report submitted by Advocate Team No. 2 to the U.S. Office of Education, Division of Research and Development Resources (formerly Division of Manpower and Institutions) presents a proposed evaluation system for regional labs and R&D centers consisting of a two-tiered panel organization. The tiers are: (1) A Master Panel--a blue-ribbon…