Results of two experiments concerned with categorization among different types of tree experts (4 taxonomists, 10 landscape workers, and 10 park maintenance employees in the first experiment and a subset of these experts in the second) show a pattern of similarities and differences. Implications for theories of categorization are discussed. (SLD)

Explaining that academia is undergoing intense scrutiny by legislators and the public with respect to its accountability, examines some common ethical boundaries in the profession of academia and opportunities for ethics failure to occur, suggests a typology of ethics failure, and explores the response to ethics failure and its consequences for…

Uses social and historical arguments to examine idea of curriculum as institutionalized learning. Discusses institutional categories. Draws implications for theory and research. (Contains 23 references.)(PKP)

Examines, evaluates, and organizes a wide variety of knowledge management software tools by examining the literature related to the selection and evaluation of knowledge management tools. (Author/SLD)

Serves as introduction and background for remaining papers in this issue which describe major pieces of Army's Selection and Classification Project (Project A). Outlines principal objectives, methodology, and research design of Project A. Identifies overall objective of the project: to generate instrumentation and validity information database…

Describes events that led up to the decision to create a Request for Proposals for the Army's Selection and Classification Project (Project A) and considers the conditions that made it possible. Also discusses the conditions that seem necessary to maintain such a project over the course of its life cycle. (Author/NB)

Defines goal of criterion development in Army's Project A as construction of multiple measures of major components of job performance such that total performance domain for representative sample of population of Army entry-level enlisted positions was covered. Describes major steps in job analyses, content sampling, instrument construction, and…

Examined 288 validated instances of elder maltreatment. Findings suggest that these phenomena pose questions as diverse as those faced in identifying child and spouse maltreatment. A partial typology is offered to guide further investigations. Implications for policy and practice suggest a cautious approach to value-laden issues while recognizing…

Provides an overview of the use of models in instructional design. Highlights include a definition of the term model; types of models, including conceptual, procedural, mathematical, and prescriptive; procedures for model development; classification of models in the literature; and alternative techniques for model validation. (Contains 38…

Discusses whether "kategorija ostojanija" (category of state) should be considered as a part of speech in Russian, proposes a definition of the term "part of speech," and suggests that short adjectives and impersonal nonverbal predicatives be viewed as a single part of speech with personal and impersonal subtypes like Russian verbs. (21…

Notes that many psychological theories assume things belong in the same category because of their similarity. Recounts several arguments claiming, however, that similarity is an empty notion or is an insufficient quality upon which to base categorization. Concludes that, though these arguments have merit, similarity can be sufficiently constrained…

Two-year-olds' difficulty with rule execution was examined through one of six tasks: a task assessing knowledge about a series of items, a deductive card sort requiring the use of knowledge to sort items by rules, and four modifications of the card sort. Found that the toddlers performed better on the knowledge task than the other tasks. (MDM)

A method for comparing the cross-validated classification accuracies of linear and quadratic classification rules is presented under varying data conditions for the "k"-group classification problem. Separate-group and total-group proportions of correct classifications can be compared for the two rules, as is illustrated. (Author/SLD)

Children who had received training in sorting pictures of men and women, and in sorting occupations according to rules that countered gender stereotypes, exhibited a more egalitarian response in subsequent measures of gender stereotyping and showed superior memory for counterstereotypic information in stories than did other children. (BC)

Eighteen-month-old children performed sorting tasks and their parents completed checklists of words used by the children. Children who performed exhaustive grouping, or grouping of objects of different kinds in different locations, were reported as using more words than children who did not perform exhaustive grouping. (BC)