Item pools supporting computer-based tests are not always completely calibrated. Occasionally, only a small subset of the items in the pool may have actual calibrations, while the remainder of the items may only have classical item statistics, (e.g., "p"-values, point-biserial correlation coefficients, or biserial correlation…

As the automated scoring of constructed responses reaches operational status, the issue of monitoring the scoring process becomes a primary concern, particularly when the goal is to have automated scoring operate completely unassisted by humans. Using a vignette from the Architectural Registration Examination and data for 326 cases with both human…

Classical test theory is based on the concept of a true score for each examinee, defined as the expected or average score across an infinite number of repeated parallel tests. In most cases, there is only a score from a single administration of the test in question. The difference between this single observed score and the underlying true score is…

Although map classification may seem a somewhat esoteric subject, at least to those who are not map librarians, the enterprising searcher for map classification schemes can find a goodly number from which to choose. (30 references) (Author)

The use of category organization in free recall was studied in elementary school students. Trained subjects showed higher recall. Several indices of organization were compared and evaluated. (ST)

This study examines the structural characteristics of item classification for examination questions. Two different approaches are suggested to testing outcomes of studying history: that of the cognitive psychology and that of the philosophy of history. (MP)

Subject matter concept attainment by adult students was studied by experimentally manipulating instructional instances which were either positive or negative, clear or obscure, or presented in large or small variety. (Author/JA)

Index names for chemical substances have been significantly revised by Chemical Abstracts Service beginning with vol. 76. Content and rationale for these changes are described. (JB)

This article provides a detailed discussion of the lack of consistency and clarity in the words used to describe and characterize alcohol-affected highway crashes. The author stresses the need for an interdisciplinary agency or center to gather, evaluate, and assimilate research reports and disseminate information. (JA)

A promising management technique for librarians is "management by objectives," which helps to establish library goals, measure performance objectively, and to identify factors affecting an operation's final results. (3 references) (Author)

Two systems, WLN and Ringcode, for retrieving structural information were analyzed qualitatively and evaluated for a series of chemical compounds. The studies ranged from specific to generic questions and also involved retrieval by fragments. Neither system was completely satisfactory for all types of searches. (6 references) (Author)

The classification of objectives which, while non-behavioral, could serve a variety of functions including the development of behavioral objectives. (Author)

It was found that the school psychologist's behavior in attaching labels to deviant child behavior is diametrically opposite that of psychiatric personnel; school psychologists tend to be more attracted to the less complex labels and/or interpretation impressions. (Author)