An investigation was made to determine whether pupils learn more when sight and sound are not presented simultaneously, and whether audio or visual redundancy cause a cueing effect which produces a superior sight-sound or sound-sight sequence. Commercially produced filmstrip lessons were converted into two experimental and two control sequences…

The major aims of this conference on guided learning were: (1) to examine research and educational practice relevant to development of a theory of guided learning; (2) to develop a theory and stimulate educational practice and research. Transcripts of the presentations of five speakers and of the ensuing discussion to creative development, a…

The founders of the Experimental College (EC) at the University of North Carolina attempted to design an educational program based on interest motivation and providing a learning situation in which students were active participants. Beliefs held by the student founders that most regular University courses were not stimulating learning or creative…

An experiment was conducted on 13 normal and 13 retarded readers, matched for age, IQ, and vocabulary. Recent findings suggested that reading retardates had difficulty in the cross-modal transfer of information from the auditory to the visual modality (e.g., converting auditory taps into visual dot patterns). Prior research by the present authors…

It was hypothesized that by age 8 children would manifest an adult meaning system, and that 5-year-old children would not. An adult meaning system allows an adult to transcend component word meanings and integrate, in the presence of a speaker, the underdetermined and the factual proposition into a meaningful whole. Subjects were 60 5- and…

A series of exploratory studies and three experiments dealing with conceptual rule learning are reported in this paper. Discussants related the results to subject matter fields and to educational research and development. Four groups of subjects, five to twelve years old, solved six rule learning problems. It was concluded that younger children…

The increasing trend toward the formulation of student learnings in goal-based rather than textbook-based organizations, and the steadily growing concern for openness and flexibility in education have created a pressing need for a comprehensive, validated system for classification of knowledge, process, and value student learnings. Such a system…

Exploring relationships between communication and learning within a conceptual framework for a problem-oriented discovery program, this dissertation presents a learning program which (1) enhances possibilities for learning during the time formally called learning or education; (2) provides carryover for lifelong learning habits; and (3) views…

The relationship between selective attention and learning is investigated in this paper. It is proposed that two forms of attention exist: (1) inspectional attention, which is a simple matching pocess where perceived stimuli are compared with an internal model of the stimulus for which the individual is searching, and (2) comprehensional…

To investigate the effect that the communication of behavioral objectives has on student achievement and attitudes in a basic speech communication course was the purpose of this study. Twenty instructors and their 417 students at Purdue University, representing 20 class sections of Fundamentals of Speech Communication, participated in the study.…

This study was designed to test the effects of message summaries on the recall of main points of an informative message. Two different types of summary techniques, a mnemonic and a traditional type, were identified and compared with each other and with a third treatment involving no summaries. One hundred and eleven volunteer subjects were…

A short term memory task was used to explore the effects of color cues and of a condition that permitted rehearsal as compared to one that did not. Eighty subjects per grade at grades 3, 5, and 7 were tested. A stimulus array consisted of five cards, each of which contained pictures that could be designated as central or incidental. The stimulus…

The purpose of this study was to determine if being next-in-line to perform would render strong effects on the student's storage and retrieval of information. The subjects were 45 undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory educational psychology course. Fifteen subjects were arranged in a large circle and were told that they were going to…

The concepts in a hierarchically structured list consisting of 24 number-word pairs were aligned systematically with position and numbers, or with the number stimuli only. Some lists involved an alignment appropriate to only the lowest conceptual level. Other lists were completely unstructured when viewed in terms of either position or number. The…

This text on teaching movement in the elementary schools presents the latest theories relative to teaching and learning. Part 1 provides a rationale for and understanding of teaching human movement. Part 2 introduces new models explaining the learning process and discusses the need for multiphasic fitness and issues exerting an influence on…