Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the effects of individual and classroom level factors on reported value of mathematics for students (n=557) in grades three, four, and six. Data for this study came from the "Childhood and Beyond" study. Results indicated that the use of computers and computer efficacy were both positively related…

Comparative research on the overall graded-nongraded distinction in organization coupled with specific investigations of nonpromotion within the graded model has yielded some preliminary answers concerning the effectiveness of strategies of dealing with the slow-progress problem. Some of the major unresolved problems are highlighted in the summary…

Foreign language learning/acquisition is a highly complex intellectual-psychic/physical-social integration process that is different for each individual. Cognitive and affective emphases for language acquisition are discussed, along with changes in the student-teacher relationship and implications for teacher education. (Authors/PP)

Technical problems in the assessment of learning disabilities (LD) are only a small part of the problems leading to the misidentification of children in this category of handicap. Given all the other motives and purposes served by labeling a child LD in school, apparently sound measurement advice may actually do more harm than good. (LC)

Discusses adolescent depression, suicide and parasuicidal behavior and suggests that these behaviors appear in a predetermined sequence. Uses a developmental perspective to weave together two patterns: identity formation, and a three-phase process of adolescent maturation specific to each individual. Attempts to integrate clinical findings and…

Eighty-eight seventh grade students were randomly assigned to mastery or nonmastery approaches to learning four hierarchical chapters about sailing. The price of increased achievement benefits of group-based mastery learning seems to be increased time costs of (1) extra remedial time and (2) "wasted time" of faster learners. (Author/PN)

Explored the relationship of perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) to environment and individual subjects' characteristics. Experimental manipulation of objective environmental uncertainty showed task-related PEU strongly related to this objective uncertainty manipulation, and secondarily to individual characteristics. Results suggest…

Discussed whether similarity affects the relationship between comparison and other-evaluation. Subjects read about an emergency, estimated their reaction, and evaluated a target who failed to help. Results showed increasing discrepancy between self and other's reactions led to more negative evaluations if self and target were the same sex.…

Individual differences in the social behavior of young siblings were studied in 40 sibling pairs observed at home, when the second child was 8 months old and 14 months old. Differences between same-sex and different-sex sibling pairs were marked by the second observation. More positive social behavior characterized same-sex pairs; more negative…

The experiments reviewed in this paper give strong reasons for concluding that the order in which things are learned, the range of exemplification of structural principles, and the introduction of a carefully judged amount of conflict may be critical to reaching an appropriate kind and level of learning. (Author/SJL)

This study investigated the effects of learner-generated pictures on science learning relative to both a verbal strategy and a control condition, and to determine the role of individual differences. Results revealed weak effects favoring a drawing strategy for males and females, and a holistic strategy for females only. (Author/GK)

Discusses the problems involved in matching differences between learners and differences between different types of media to improve the learning process. Thirty-eight references are cited. (CHC)

Problems of differentiation and uniformity of educational provisions are products of the era of emphasis on equality of educational opportunity. Three typical national solutions are dealt with in this paper: the American comprehensive model, the Western European elitist model, and the Eastern European model of a unitary school. (Author)