Three studies of children at two developmental levels were made to assess subjects' understanding of the verbal terms "easy" (to do) and "hard" (to do). Such understanding was studied in the context of statements about personal competence at depicted activities. Behavioral criteria of levels of understanding were employed;…

Two studies were conducted to extend the application and explore the parameters of the concept tree and rational set generator instructional design techniques. The first study was conducted with high school English students. Results indicated that students who studied the concept tree performed no differently on the classification tests than…

The secondary social studies lessons in this publication are intended to help teachers improve instruction. Lessons are provided for the curriculum areas of social inquiry, ethical development, and civic competence. In the social inquiry lessons, students learn to describe and explain human behavior. In the ethical development lessons, students…

This study tests the general hypothesis that preschool experience has a measurable effect upon children's noncognitive development between the time they enter and the time they leave the preschool program. The California Preschool Competency Scale (CPSCS) was administered to 4-year-old children in a prekindergarten program (PreK) in the fall of…

A review of research on "incomplete text," which refers to a variety of adaptations of cloze procedures, illustrates how construct validity has been considered and will need to be considered in future research on the subject. Much of the early research on incomplete text focused on product--providing quantitative assessments of…

Eight different methods are reviewed for determining whether two or more tests are equivalent measures. These methods vary in restrictiveness from the Wilks-Votaw test of compound symmetry (which requires that all means, variances, and covariances are equal), to Joreskog's theory of congeneric tests (which requires only that the tests are measures…

A relatively simple procedure for modeling periodic components in time series data is presented in this paper, along with an example of the procedure's use with communication data. Similar to multiple regression analysis, the described procedure has four steps that are based on information about periodic waves and their components, how to create…

AFTER A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE TEST PROGRAM (DESCRIBED MORE FULLY IN LI 000 318), THE STATISTICAL RESULTS TABULATED AS OVERALL "ABC (APPROACH BY CONCEPT)-RELEVANCE RATIOS" AND "ABC-RECALL FIGURES" ARE PRESENTED AND REVIEWED. AN ABSTRACT MODEL DEVELOPED IN ACCORDANCE WITH MAX WEBER'S "IDEALTYPUS" ("DIE OBJEKTIVITAET…

FIFTY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN, RANGING IN AGE FROM 33 TO 56 MONTHS, PARTICIPATED IN A 7-MONTH PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM DESIGNED TO IMPROVE THEIR LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL SKILLS. THE ILLINOIS TEST OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ABILITIES, THE PEABODY PICTURE VOCABULARY TEST (FORM A), AND THE VANCE LANGUAGE SKILLS TEST MEASURED THE CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT IN…

A method to calculate the need for academic staff per faculty, based on educational programs and numbers of students, is described which is based on quantitative relations between programs, student enrollment, and total budget. The model is described schematically and presented in a mathematical form adapted to computer processing. Its application…

Employing a background information questionnaire, a policy preference scale, and the Kluckhohn Value Orientation Scale, 40 American Indian tribal leaders and 35 Anglo administrators from 4 North Dakota reservations were surveyed to explore preferences for problem-solving approaches in the field of child welfare. The following hypotheses were…

Data derived via questionnaire from a black and white female subsample (N=1,670) of Louisiana high school seniors were utilized to test eight hypotheses which addressed the relationship between athletic participation and female achievement orientations. School type (public-parochial), residence (rural-urban), and school size (large-small) were…

When repeated measures are obtained on the same subjects, interobservation dependencies frequently are generated. The major ways in which these dependencies can arise are illustrated and it is shown how these dependencies may invalidate the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its extension, trend analysis, as methods of evaluating the data of…

Two educational computer simulations are described in this paper. One of the simulations is STATSIM, a series of exercises applicable to statistical instruction. The content of the other simulation is comprised of mathematical learning models. Student involvement, the interactive nature of the simulations, and terminal display of materials are…

This research tests the implicit assumption that cognitive development is independent of ethnic background. The testing instrument used was a newly designed spatial reasoning test intended to reflect the sequence of acquisition of skills requisite to map reading and drawing. A sample of 270 black, Chinese, and white subjects (90 each at the 5th,…