A critical analysis is made of the content and assumptions of the many theories or explanations for play behavior. The seven chapters of the book are as follows. Chapter One, A Purview of the Problems, is a brief overview of the problems inherent in attempting to manage play, and the arguments for and against. The second chapter, Definitions of…

Low-inference measures of teacher process variables from two behavioral observation systems were taken on a sample of 31 teachers selected because of their consistency in producing student learning gains on the Metropolitan Achievement Test and were correlated with student outcome measures. Correlations show the strength of relationships with…

It was hypothesized that the effect of advance organizers (principles, organization concepts, subsuming concepts, etc.) on learning and retention was additive rather than interactive--i.e., that any increment in score could be accounted for by specific factors such as additional information, additional practice, learning set, etc. One hundred and…

Two studies were performed to evaluate the extent to which response patterns and sustained attentiveness is a function of the demands of a secondary task, primary task difficulty, and feedback arrangements. The first study varied primary task stimulus difficulty level, feedback arrangements on the primary task, and presence of the secondary task.…

The primary objective of this study was to compare problem solving performance among formal operational, transitional, and concrete operational individuals with the effect of relative field independence taken into account within each of these three cognitive developmental levels. Secondarily, the study explored whether a developmental relationship…

This report is a review of Olson's "Cognitive Development." Unlike a typical book review it does not compare and contrast the author's theoretical framework and methodological practices with those of others in the field, but rather it extensively describes and critiques the reported empirical work. The reasons given for this approach are that…

Instruments for screening visual performance, for observing vision behavior, the learner in general, and the student at a learning task, and a parent questionnaire are described. (See TM 001 363 for a description of the total project; for other related documents, see TM 001 160, 364-368, 370-374.) (MS)

This instrument was designed to record an observation of an individual student's behavior while engaged in a purposeful learning task. The observer must check the appropriate response for each area tested. There is space for written comments. (See TM 001 369 for further information; for a description of the total project, see TM 001 363; for other…

THE EFFECTS OF INTERPOLATED ITEMS ON THE LEARNING AND RETENTION OF INDIVIDUAL STIMULUS-RESPONSE (S-R) UNITS IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING WERE INVESTIGATED. EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF INTERFERENCE PRODUCED BY OTHER ITEMS WHICH OCCUR NATURALLY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A STANDARD PAIRED-ASSOCIATE TASK. IN ADDITION, SEVERAL…

COMBINATIONS OF OVERT AND COVERT RESPONSE PRACTICES WERE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE OPTIMAL COMBINATIONS FOR THE LEARNING PROCESS FOR (1) DIFFERENT LEARNING TASKS, (2) STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT ABILITIES, AND (3) DIFFERENT MEDIA OF PRESENTATION. IT WAS OBSERVED THAT PRACTICALLY ALL FORMS OF HUMAN LEARNING INVOLVE SUCH COVERT ACTIVITIES AS OBSERVING,…

RESEARCH ON PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS ATTEMPTED TO EXPLORE HOW PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION MEMBERS LEARN ABOUT PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO INCREASE THEIR COMPETENCE AND HOW FACTORS RELATED TO THE WAYS IN WHICH THEY LEARN ABOUT THE PROGRAMS INFLUENCE THEIR DECISIONS TO PARTICIPATE. THE CONCEPT OF "DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS" WAS THE FRAMEWORK IN WHICH…

PROGRESS WAS REPORTED ON AN ANALYTICAL SURVEY EFFORT OF THE HISTORICAL IMPLICATIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL CROSSOVER AND MOBILITY BETWEEN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN LIFE. TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS WERE DRAWN ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE U.S. MILITARY SERVICE PROGRAM FOR (1) OFFERING TRAINING IN INTERESTING AND TRANSFERABLE JOB SKILLS AND (2) PROVIDING…

Two experiments are reported in which subjects performed simple mental arithmetic problems which were presented visually in a sequential fashion. At some point in the presentation of each problem, the sequential display was interrupted and a memory task introduced. The purpose was to validate a measure of transient memory load. (Author/RM)

Presents two diagrams that model the communication process used by a learner solving academic problems. (PF)