Discussion of interaction and performance feedback in the language learning process focuses on a study at the Open University of Hong Kong that explored tutor and student perspectives on the feedback in a distance language course. Results showed a need for more training for tutors and students to successfully use feedback. (Author/LRW)

Explains Jung's personality types. Compares students' personality differences and investigates the relationship between personality types and achievement. (Contains 15 references.) (YDS)

Asserts that because student learning and development are complex and dynamic, educators must learn to differentiate between functional and optimal skill levels and then to target their teaching and curriculum materials accordingly. (PKP)

Examines the issues raised by photographs children took of reading in the home as part of a funded research project exploring the gendering of reading in the 7-9 age group. Focuses on the dilemmas the images pose for analysis, and what the images, considered in themselves, can be taken as evidence for. (SG)

Choice of curriculum content should follow four research-based principles: learning is a domain-specific skill; general learning ability is highly correlated with general knowledge; learning a subject requires comprehension of general principles illustrated by specific examples; and broad general knowledge is the best entree to deep knowledge.…

In autoshaping experiments, we quantified the acquisition of anticipatory head poking in individual mice, using an algorithm that finds changes in the slope of a cumulative record. In most mice, upward changes in the amount of anticipatory poking per trial were abrupt, and tended to occur at session boundaries, suggesting that the session is as…

This study examined the behavioral (arm, facial) and autonomic (heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA], and adrenocortical axis) reactivity of 56 4-month-old infants in response to contingency learning and extinction-induced frustration. During learning, infants displayed increases in operant arm response and positive emotional…

This article describes positive youth development as a process in which young people's capacity for being motivated by challenge energizes their active engagement in development. The first part of the article discusses the conditions under which this motivation is activated and considers obstacles to its activation in daily life. The second part…

Two studies assessed whether: (1) high levels of task-relevant metacognition would be related to good task performance; (2) some kinds of feedback (e.g., explanations) would improve task-relevant metacognition (and hence, performance) more than other kinds of feedback; and (3) some kinds of people would be more likely to seek out and use this…

The learning process for a user becomes seriously restrictive in trying to discover the relationships between concepts and in searching for a part of concept (called an object) such as a solved example illustrating the concept or the application of the concept. This article presents the theory for building a relational graph that depicts how…

The brain has evolved to educate and to be educated, often instinctively and effortlessly. The brain is the machine that allows all forms of learning to take place--from baby squirrels learning how to crack nuts, birds learning to fly, children learning to ride a bike and memorising times-tables to adults learning a new language or mastering how…

Television melodrama, like grand opera, is constructed to formula. Character interactions are highly charged and plot dominates, initiating excitement, suspense, and raising questions around timeless and universal themes. Despite--or because of--their extreme nature, the soaps remain one of the longest-standing television genres, with the loyal…

The development of music skills, particularly performance skills, is often considered separate from creativity until music skills can be used in a creative way. Though an accumulation of music skills is necessary for high levels of creativity, a student's creativity can in turn develop music skills, and the primary grades (K--2) are the ideal…

This research extends the range of domains within which children's gestures are found to play an important role in learning. The study involves children learning about balance, and the authors locate children's gestures within a relevant model of cognitive development--the representational redescription model (A. Karmiloff-Smith, 1992). The speech…

In French, the transcription of the same sound can be guided by both probabilistic graphotactic constraints (e.g., t is more often transcribed ette after -v than after -f) and morphological constraints (e.g., t is always transcribed ette when used as a diminutive suffix). Three experiments showed that pseudo-word spellings of 8-to 11-year-old…