A model of student learning processes is presented, based on the theory originally set forth by Benjamin Bloom that as much as three quarters of the differences in achievement among students is dependent on the attitudes, knowledge, and skills which students bring to a learning task. The model focuses on a specific learner approaching a specific…

First grade students practiced reading ten unfamiliar function words; half studied the words embedded in printed sentences and half studied the words in unstructured lists and then listened to sentences comprised of the words. Posttest measures revealed that those who studied the sentences learned more about the syntactic/semantic identities of…

Some research has found that observers believe overt mimicry is socially unacceptable and embarrassing in the presence of a stranger. It was hypothesized that observers would inhibit their mimicry of learned pairs of gestures in the presence of a stranger, and that their learning would be adversely affected unless they compensated for the…

THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT METHODS OF TEACHING AND MANY DIFFERENT METHODS OF LEARNING. FOR MAXIMUM LEARNING, TEACHING STYLES AND LEARNING STYLES SHOULD BE CONGRUENT, THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE WITH THE DISADVANTAGED LEARNER. THE DISADVANTAGED CHILD COMES TO SCHOOL WITH A CERTAIN PERSONALITY, WITH CERTAIN NEEDS, AND WITH CERTAIN BUILT-IN MECHANISMS. HE…

THIS INVESTIGATION STUDIED THE EFFECTS AND INTERACTION OF SELECTED PRACTICE, TASK, AND SUBJECT VARIABLES ON LEARNING PERFORMANCE. SUBJECTS SELECTED WERE RETARDED, NORMAL, AND SUPERIOR CAUCASIAN PUPILS. EACH WAS ADMINISTERED EIGHT TASKS FORMED BY COMBINING THE TASK MEANINGFULNESS AND RECITATION TYPE VARIANTS. THESE TASKS WERE ADMINISTERED IN…

THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE HOW A PARTICULAR CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR WOULD APPEAR WHEN IT WAS VIEWED FROM FOUR EVALUATIVE FRAMEWORKS--DEVELOPMENTAL, MENTAL HEALTH, SUBSTANTIVE LEARNING, AND GROUP PROCESS. THE FIRST STAGE WAS DEVOTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR SCHEDULES FOR USE IN SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATION OF THE SAME SAMPLE OF CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR. IN…

KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN WERE USED AS SUBJECTS IN AN ATTEMPT TO DISCOVER WHETHER CHILDREN WITH SHORT AND LONG MEMORY SPANS USE DIFFERENT CUES TO RECOGNIZE WORDS AND WHETHER MEMORY SPAN TESTS ARE EFFECTIVE PREDICTORS OF DIFFICULTY IN LEARNING TO READ. IT WAS HOPED THAT CHILDREN WOULD EXHIBIT A CONSISTENT PATTERN OF CHOICES OVER TRIALS, WHICH MIGHT…

THIS PAPER REVIEWS VARIABLES AND TRENDS IN RESEARCH ON PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION IN MATHEMATICS. IT WAS PRESENTED AT THE AAAS SYMPOSIUM ON LEARNING RESEARCH PERTINENT TO EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT, CLEVELAND, OHIO, DEC. 29, 1963. (LH)

TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH TRANSFER OCCURS, THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED TRANSFER RESULTING FROM THE LEARNING OF A SPECIFIC RULE OR PROCESSING FORMULA. PREVIOUS RESEARCH WAS COMBINED INTO A TENTATIVE THEORY OF TRANSFER WHICH WAS TESTED AND ASSESSED BY FOCUSING ON BOTH TRIALS-TO-CRITERION AND VERBAL REPORTS AS MEASURES OF…

INDIVIDUALS LEARN AND RETAIN MATERIAL MORE EFFECTIVELY WHEN THEY ATTEND TO THOSE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ABOUT WHICH THEY ARE TO ACQUIRE INFORMATION. TRADITIONALLY GESTURAL AND SITUATIONAL ATTENTION DEVICES HAVE BEEN USED IN CLASSROOMS IN ORDER TO ATTRACT ATTENTION FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION. IT IS POSSIBLE HOWEVER THAT MUCH MORE SUBTLE…

THE EXPERIMENT DESCRIBED IN THIS REPORT INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS UPON CRITERION PERFORMANCE OF THE LEARNER'S TEST-ANXIETY LEVEL AND THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF FEEDBACK IN PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION. FOUR EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESES WERE TESTED DURING THE PROJECT. THE PROCEDURE EMPLOYED IDENTIFIED EXTREME GROUPS ON A MEASURE OF TEST ANXIETY, AND THEN…

A STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO KINDS OF CONFIRMATION IN PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION--RESPONSE CONFIRMATION AND EXAMINATION FEEDBACK. EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS OF HIGH, MEDIUM, AND LOW STUDENT MOTIVATION AND HIGH AND LOW ERROR-RATE WERE UTILIZED. RESPONSE CONFIRMATION REFERS TO THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF CONFIRMING EACH ONE OF…

THIS STUDY INVOLVED 74 EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS AND THEIR YEAR-LONG WORK ON A PROGRAMED COURSE IN GENERAL SCIENCE. THE SUBJECTS WERE DIVIDED INTO FOUR TREATMENT GROUPS VARIED AS TO IN- OR OUT-OF-CLASS USE OF THE PROGRAM. TWO MEASURES WERE TAKEN--AN ACHIEVEMENT MEASURE OVER THE SUBJECT-MATTER CONTENT OF THE PROGRAMED COURSE, AND A PERFORMANCE MEASURE…

AN INVESTIGATION WAS MADE OF THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE FEEDBACK TECHNIQUES IN TELEVISION TEACHING--"MICROPHONE FEEDBACK,""VICARIOUS FEEDBACK," AND "ELECTRICAL SIGNAL FEEDBACK." THE TECHNIQUES WERE STUDIED IN TERMS OF THEIR RELATIVE EFFECTS ON LEARNING, RETENTION, AND ATTITUDE TOWARD TELEVISED INSTRUCTION.…

THIS STUDY INVOLVED THE IDENTIFICATION OF (1) RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REINFORCEMENT AND PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF COMPLEX PICTORIAL STIMULI IN DISCRIMINATION LEARNING AND (2) VARIABLES RELATED TO PRIOR EXPERIENCE WITH PICTORIAL STIMULI USED IN DISCRIMINATION LEARNING. LINE SHAPES WERE USED AS STIMULI. THESE SHAPES WERE VARIED BY ADDING SOME LINES THAT…