The educational patterns of individuals who have used library resources in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania for independent learning projects on a continuing basis were studied. The tendency of respondents was to use a combination of all four major types of resources for information and planning: (1) self as resource; (2) non-human resources, such…

In order to help develop curriculum for death education, this paper examines how elementary-age children learn about death. One hundred and twenty-five children responded to a survey which was designed to discover what children believe about death, how much personal contact they have with death, and which experiences or people have most influenced…

The theoretical functions of external feedback in SR and closed loop models of verbal learning are presented. Contradictory predictions from the models are tested with a three by three factorial experiment including three types of feedback and three amounts of rehearsal. There were 90 adult students run individually and they were required to learn…

This paper describes a program of research in the application of scalogram analysis to the validation of learning hierarchies, together with the development of an alternative method for assessing hierarchical relationships among tests of instructional objectives. The relationship between scalability of tests and positive transfer between…

The specific hypotheses tested were that: (1) participation in a two-week laboratory changes the cognitive structure of those participating; (2) the extent of change varies with the initial level of cognitive complexity of the participant; and (3) the better the match, as seen by the participant, between the complexity of the learning environment…

The basic tenet of Programed Instruction (PI), that learning occurs best when knowledge is imparted in small increments, appears to apply to associative rather than deductive process. One may best learn definitions via association, and best learn inference via unified understandings. This hypothesis was tested by structuring two modes of…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effects of different modes of supervisory feedback on the development of beginning teacher candidates' refocusing behaviors. Thirty-nine secondary teacher candidates served as subjects. They were enrolled in two sections of the course taught by the same instructor and were assigned randomly…

The predominant emphasis in American education upon the cognate realm, to the virtual exclusion of affective learning, is discussed in the context of the middle school movement. Nine characteristics of the middle school program that more nearly create a balance between the cognitive and affective elements in learning are cited and translated into…

As a result of findings of a previous study, this study, which sought to program preschool subjects to wait one minute for reinforcement, used pause-building procedures before delay conditions were started. The children, 3- to 5-year-olds, were designated either Baseline (control) subjects (n=3) or Programmed (experimental) subjects (n=5). Though…

The postdoctoral fellowship afforded an opportunity for the author to engage in an intensive year of training and research in structural learning at the University of Pennsylvania and Standford University. The basic research goal was to clarify some of the fundamental problems involved in the teaching and learning of subject matters and the…

This is the first in a series of books that will deal with different aspects of teaching and learning in higher education, such as students' learning and individual differences, teaching methods, and new teaching techniques. Four papers examine general objectives in higher education and relate them to techniques of evaluation and teaching methods.…

To continue exploration of the educational problems of deprived children, 32 disadvantaged and 32 advantaged children ranging in age from 4 years, 8 months to 5 years, 8 months, were selected to take a battery of tests designed to measure some of the skills and characteristics thought to be related to academic success. The factors measured and the…

The study demonstrates: (1) the occurrence of verbal mediation with its facilitory effect, and (2) the interfering effect of verbal satiation on mediational processes in a three-state chaining paradigm. 40 preschool children were randomly assigned to either a control (no satiation) or an experimental (satiation) group. The subjects in the control…

The authors describe a program of research in the application of scalogram analysis to the validation of learning hierarchies, together with the development of an alternative method for assessing hierarchical relationships among tests of instructional objectives. The relationship between scalability of tests and positive transfer between…

This monograph surveys mostly British research on teaching in higher education. Most of the works cited appeared in the '60s. No British studies have been made to assess the effects of whole courses. Assessment is usually based on staff-student conferences or questionnaires. Some studies have been done on the objectives of college teaching.…