Using a deep-level processing strategy, low test-anxious college students performed significantly better than high test-anxious students in learning a paired-associate word list. Using a superficial-level processing strategy resulted in no significant difference in performance. A cognitive-attentional theory and test anxiety mechanisms are…

Likens a circus performer's varied responsibilities to the learning tasks required of undergraduates. Suggests that students' inability to perform many of these tasks results from confusion about instructors' expectations and the appropriateness of various learning strategies to different tasks. Recommends that students be presented with clear…

Televised and purely aural statements made by various speakers were presented at distinct locations in the recipient's surroundings. It was concluded that place provides especially privileged cues and that not all content-correlated background stimuli are equipotent cues in associative learning. (Author/PN)

The thoughts and reflective methods of Alan Griffin are discussed. He was a Deweyan scholar and dealt with the necessary goals of the social studies in a democracy as they relate to the learning process, to the content, and to the teaching methods employed in social studies instruction. (PN)

Offers suggestions to help teachers facilitate comprehension before, during, and after reading. (FL)

Discussed hidden curricula of dichotomous drug education teaching methods. Suggested that hidden curriculum of traditional drug education teaching style reinforces some qualities characteristic of substance abusers. Proposes that hidden curriculum of nontraditional teaching methods is more likely to teach attributes consistent with appropriate use…

It is the position of the American School Counselor Association that children need to know and be given appropriate information at various times in their lives regarding the human body and its function in reproduction. The Association encourages training and certification for teachers and/or facilitators. (Author)

Three experiments demonstrated (1) habituation and long-term retention of habituation to a tone stimulus in third-grade children, (2) specificity of habituation to an auditory stimulus in first- but not fifth-grade children, and (3) specificity of habituation in fifth-grade children in response suppression when a cross-modality stimulus change was…

High school students studied a brief history text, then either took a test on the passage, spent equivalent time reviewing, or went to an unrelated task. A test given two weeks later indicated that the test condition resulted in better retention than either the review or control conditions. (Author/GK)

Whether hierarchical ordering among fraction identification problems reflects the replacement of simple rules by complex rules was investigated. Latent class techniques revealed that children applied rules that were adequate for simple problems but had to be replaced to solve more complex problems. (Author/GK)

The second in a series of articles concerning the pros and cons of whether it is better to use questioning as part of the teaching device or not to question during discussion focuses on the most effective nonquestioning techniques. Alternatives to questioning are given. (JN)

A series of learning cycle laboratory experiments for general chemistry was developed. The exploration, invention, and application phases of one cycle related to calorimetric measurements are described. (Author/SK)

Examines the principles and characteristics of mature learning and applies Kolb's learning cycle model to adults in vocational programs. Discusses strategies for self-development, institutional factors, and the democratization of the learning process. (SK)

Summarizes the work of "information processing" psychologists who study cognition and contends that intelligence consists of a set of developed thinking and learning skills that can, to some degree, be taught. Nine such skills are listed including problem identification and strategy selection. (Author/MLF)

Research in cognitive science is providing an increasingly detailed understanding of human cognition. Teachers can help students become conscious of their own reasoning processes and then learn to compare, contrast, interrelate, or coordinate various ways in which they think in order to refine their problem-solving methods. (Author/MLF)