A comparative developmental framework was used to determine whether mutual gaze is unique to humans and, if not, whether common mechanisms support the development of mutual gaze in chimpanzees and humans. Mother-infant chimpanzees engaged in approximately 17 instances of mutual gaze per hour. Mutual gaze occurred in positive, nonagonistic…

Visual images within social studies textbooks need to be actively "read" by students. Drawing on literature from cultural studies, this article suggests three instructional conditions for teaching students to read visual texts. Agency implies that readers have the (1) authority, (2) opportunity and capacity, and (3) community for engaging in the…

Contemporary culture has become increasingly dependent on the visual, especially for its capacity to communicate instantly and universally. Advances in technology fueled this shift. Students must learn to cope with and intelligently contribute to a culture rife with easy access to the visually rich Web, photo dependant social networks, video…

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the contribution that an information literacy approach to the empirical study of workplace learning can make to how people understand and conceptualise workplace learning. Design/methodology/approach: Three cohorts of fire-fighters working in two regional locations in NSW, Australia were…

Computer-assisted teaching and assessment has become a regular feature across many areas of the curriculum in higher education courses around the world in recent years. This development has resulted in the "digital divide" between disabled students and their nondisabled peers regarding their participation in computer-assisted courses. However,…

Teachers are at best only moderately successful in predicting pupil performance.

In order to fully appreciate the nature of children's learning difficulties, it is necessary to analyze the qualitative differences in their intellectual functioning, i.e., their modes and styles of sensing, responding, organizing, and interpreting. (EH)

Spelling programs will be most effective if centered around high frequency lists and incorporate an efficient teaching method with an effective learning procedure. (JH)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of matching modality aptitudes to classroom-based reading instruction. (RB)

Experiments showed that in verbal discrimination learning imaging the referent of the correct item was more facilitative than vocalizing the correct item, as long as the imagery structure was executed in the company of relevant motor activity. No difference between the two strategies was found in pictorial discrimination learning. (Author/BJG)

In a study designed to relate research on cognitive style to study technique effectiveness, a group of 129 college freshmen was given a test to assess the cognitive style of each. The 93 students who scored in the upper l/3 and in the lower l/3 of the distribution were classified as field independent and field dependent. These 93 students were…

Four series of self-instructional elementary multiplication lessons were developed and tested on first-, second-, and third-grade students. The series were: (1) deductive-concrete, (2) deductive-pictorial, (3) inductive-concrete, and (4) inductive-pictorial. Students were given pretests and posttests and a retention test on the objectives of the…

This paper provides background data regarding the need for individualized instruction and describes the training activities of the Teacher Renewal Center in Harlingen, Texas. The center provides teachers the opportunity to acquire a set of behavioral skills, which are a prerequisite to individualizing instruction, and serves as a model in training…

Suggests 11 dimensions of cognitive style which influence learning, and proposes a three-step instructional design plan to move beyond individual instruction to individualized instruction, so that differences in learners need not result in differences in learning. (Author/JEG)