In speaking of "old Tibet" I mean to refer to Tibet prior to the Tibetan diaspora of 1959 or most certainly to the Tibet that was prior to the invasion by the Communist Chinese in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In old Tibet, to a great extent, all education was religious education. Tibetans say of themselves that prior to the arrival of…

Starting from the assumption that interpreting is a norm-governed type of communication and that within this communicative "pas de trois" or "situated activity" (Wadensjo) which is "socially bounded" (Inghilleri), the interpreter's presence appears as a defining feature, this paper tries to identify preliminary and…

The dangers of translation are discussed when the translator does not try to create textual equivalence, but settles for formal correspondence (i.e., with simple transcoding at a linguistic level) during the process of translating. Difficulties of explaining, commenting, or summarizing rather than translating are also discussed. Pedagogical and…

While distinguishing between literary criticism and the scientific study of translation, Latin American translations are analyzed according to the identification of "speech facts," levels of stylistic performance, translating from scratch, and the stylistic features of Rabassa. (NCR)

An examination of the logic of second language processing argues that knowledge of language structure does not necessarily result in effective language comprehension. Teachers must help students to bridge the gap between translation, which emphasizes lexical and syntactic meaning, and interpretation, which involves global comprehension. (CB)

An approach to translation between natural language and an artificial language useful for information storage and retrieval is presented. (Author)

THE PURPOSE OF THIS TWO VOLUME WORK IS TO INTRODUCE THE STUDENT TO MODERN, STANDARD ARABIC WITH CONCENTRATION ON THE STYLE EMPLOYED IN FORMAL DOCUMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE INTERMEDIATE STUDENT USING THE READERS HAS CONTROL OF THE ESSENTIALS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR BUT HAS NOT BEEN ADEQUATELY EXPOSED TO MODERN LITERARY…

WRITTEN TO SUPPLEMENT THE AUTHORS' SPOKEN QUECHUA MATERIALS, THIS TRIDIALECTAL DICTIONARY PROVIDES THE SPEAKER OF ENGLISH WHO HAS HAD SOME TRAINING IN QUECHUA GRAMMAR WITH A MEANS OF ACCESS TO ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY IN THE CUZCO, AYACUCHO, AND COCHABAMBA DIALECTS. ALL THE QUECHUA WORDS AND PHRASES INCLUDED ARE IN ACTUAL USE AND WERE GATHERED FROM…

Attempts to provide some guidance to the translator of English plumbing terms into French. (AM)

There are two tenses in Dutch to translate three French past tenses: the "imperfectum" and the "perfectum." When a one-for-one correspondence is impossible, the translator relies on other means, such as auxiliaries, to achieve desired clarity and nuances. Examples of translations and verb correspondences are given. (Text is in…

Reviews issues to be considered in determining the order of meanings for a lexeme in a dictionary entry and compares techniques for deciding order. Types of ordering include importance, frequency, logical ordering, dominant meaning, syntactic, and historical. (MSE)

Author commented on the textbook editions of this extremely ancient narrative about a hero who wanted to conquer death. He remarked on the difficulties in the text, differences between the 1964 and 1972 Sandars versions, similarities to Shelley, various literary strategies, and the persistent problem of translation itself. (Editor/RK)

Sequel to an article by S.J. Roganova in Russisch'', 2, 73. (DD)