We investigated language variation and score variation in the testing of English language learners, native Spanish speakers. We gave students the same set of National Assessment of Educational Progress mathematics items in both their first language and their second language. We examined the amount of score variation due to the main and interaction…

Technical sublanguages are discussed as a medium for communication between individuals, corporations, and non-commercial organizations. The technical translator's professional activities are regarded as a means for achieving specific goals in communication. Features of languages for specific purposes (LSP) and sublanguages are discussed briefly.…

Noting that no clear and adequate basis for a theory of translation exists at this time, this article examines problems common to three fundamental elements of translation. Illustrative examples, taken from Slavic languages, relate to discussion of grammatical, semantic-lexical, and stylistic aspects of translation. Various contributions of…

Discusses the question of whether verse should be translated into verse or prose. Prose is preferred since it is more flexible and can therefore remain more faithful to the original meaning. (Text is in Spanish.) (TL)

Included in this report on the International Congress of Historical Sciences is a condensed and revised translation of "History and Society," a paper presented at the Congress by representatives from the Soviet Union. (JC)

Examines three recent French translations of Louis Carroll's "The Hunting of the Snark." (PMP)

An international survey of conditions and practices involving translators deals with the following points: (1) change in the legal status and material situation of translators since 1968; (2) translators' associations; (3) translators' training, and (4) encouraging translation of contemporary works. (CK)

A brief paper noting some of the great Japanese literary translators who rendered Western and other foreign classics into the Japanese language. (CK)

Lists certain differences in structure and vocabulary between the French of Canada and that of France. (Text is in French.) (PP)

Translations of the Hungarian poet Petofi are examined in a discussion of the pros and cons of direct and indirect translation. (AM)

The purpose of this article is to show that "sha" and "sha-si" are not identical and that there is no perfect correspondence between either word in Chinese and "to kill" in English. It is suggested that the closest Chinese equivalent is "nong-si." (Author/RM)

THIS REPORT SETS FORTH IN DETAIL THE PROCEDURES OF THE INVESTIGATION MADE TO PRODUCE A "BASIC SPOKEN GERMAN WORD LIST," PUBLISHED IN 1964 BY PRENTICE-HALL, INCORPORATED. THE WORD LIST WAS PRODUCED TO PROVIDE BASIC SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE MOVEMENT SUPPORTED BY THE NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION ACT TO TEACH THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE AND THE RELATED…

RESEARCH IN SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN, WHICH WAS DEVELOPED IN A PROGRAM FOR COMPUTER-AIDED RUSSIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION, IS DESCRIBED. THE CORPUS CONSISTED OF 15 RUSSIAN MATHEMATICAL ARTICLES. THE THEORY USED IS THE "FULCRUM" APPROACH OF BUNKER-RAMO, BUT THE COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION HAS DEVELOPED ALONG DISTINCT LINES. THREE TYPES OF…

The policies of the United Nations with regard to the six official languages have left holes in the fabric of international cooperation. Maintaining language services in all six languages has proved to be an impossibility because of the scarcity of trained interpreters and translators between, for instance, Chinese and Arabic. English, French, and…

In this paper the author contends that no useful results can be obtained if contrastive analysis is confined to formal correspondence: it is not enough to compare languages as to the presence or absence of corresponding systems and as to the similarities or dissimilarities in the distribution of the terms of the contrasted systems. Formal…