Distinguishes between two views of writing: "writing" as composing and making meaning; and "writing down" as encoding and using literacy tools. Defines literacy as the ability to use oral and written language for the goal of self-awareness. Describes several ways to provide students with opportunities to develop literacy. (MM)

Analysis of the major changes and shifts of American English personal pronouns, possessive adjectives, and archaic forms concludes that: (1) an anaphoric pronoun unmarked as to gender is being created by usage; and (2) clear, grammatical, pronominal plurality is sought, but not at the expense of unmarked gender. (CB)

Reviews the various definitions of communicative competence, and argues for a view of communicative competence as language use, a lesser but more readily achievable ambition for both theory and pedagogy. (Author/CB)

Suggests that distinguishing between a second-order reflective mentality and a first-order factive mentality is central to the perception of voice. Shows that the particular language interests of compositionists can lead to new understandings about grammar and the relationship between language form and language use. (MG)

Why percent is such a difficult mathematical concept to learn was explored in this review. The privileged language of percent has lost explicit references, has misleading additive terminology for multiplicative meanings, and has multiple uses for the preposition "of." Implications for teaching percent more effectively are discussed. (SLD)

Guidelines are offered for using appropriate terminology to describe individuals with disabilities and for interacting with people with disabilities. A list of outdated expressions and recommended alternatives is provided. Specific suggestions are presented for interacting with people with speech impairments, deafness, visual impairments, physical…

Examines South African Indian English (SAIE), a subvariety of South African English influenced by Indian English, other languages of India, and life in southern Africa, with particular focus on the history, phonetics, syntax, and vocabulary of SAIE. (Contains two references.) (MDM)

Describes the International Corpus of English Corpus Utility Program (ICECUP), a computer-based text retrieval program designed to search a tagged corpus for words, word elements, and their grammatical roles. Explains the search, display options, concordance, and subcorpus selection features of the ICECUP program. (MDM)

Examined the development of the complementizer system in the second-language learning of two four-year olds, providing evidence which suggests that the tensed complimentizer in embedded declaratives may be treated as a obligatorily null complimentizer by these children. Also examined restrictive relative clauses produced by the two subjects. (MDM)

Kachru suggests that it is time to reevaluate the dominant paradigms in second-language acquisition research from a bilingual/multilingual perspective. Sridhar suggests a reality check in the reevaluation of second-language acquisition theories. (45 references) (JL)

Examines Krashen's (1977) theory that postulates a distinction between language acquisition and language learning, reviewing recent studies on morpheme order, code-focused instruction, and grammatical rules that support the theory. Contrary to what has been claimed, the theory is not insulated against attempts to disconfirm it. (87 references)…

Submits expert use of anaphoric "this" to a cloze procedure for comprehensive analysis. Finds that current stylistic guidelines proscribing unattended "this" are overstated; and "attended this" (a demonstrative adjective introducing a noun phrase) is best employed when synonyms for the antecedent and descriptive…

Examines the changes that French negative infinitives have undergone since the 15th century. Argues that, for main verbs, the change in word order reflects a change in the position of "pas," while the change in the position of modals and auxiliaries is due to these verbs assuming a position lower in the structure. (82 references) (MDM)

Examines terminology usage and explores how society could be unwittingly encouraging racism through the use of certain terms when talking about blacks, minorities, and ethnic groups. It also highlights the implication of terminology for the teaching profession. (GLR)

Demonstrates that "already" in Singapore English expresses two aspectual properties, namely the completion or the beginning of an action. The sentence "My son goes to school already" is potentially ambiguous, meaning that my son has already gone to school or that my son now goes to school, having reached the school-going age.…